Contrast With Chief Science Officer (CSO)
In some organizations, the CTO may also hold the chief science officer (CSO) title. Alternatively, a company could have one or the other, or both occupied by separate people. Often, a CSO exists in heavily research-oriented companies, while a CTO exists in product-development-focused companies. The typical category of research and development that exists in many science and technology companies could be led by either post, depending on which area is the organization's primary focus.
A CSO almost always has a basic or pure science background and an advanced degree, whereas a CTO often has a background in engineering - and possibly business development.
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