Carvalho (pronounced: kar-VAL-yoo), meaning 'oak', is a common surname in Portugal, Brazil, Galicia (although in Galicia it may be spelled 'Carvallo' or 'Carballo'), the former Portuguese African colonies (Angola, Mozambique, etc.) and people from the State of Goa in India as well as from Vasai, a town to the north of Mumbai in India. It is a name shared by a number of notable people:
- Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo, Portuguese historian, 19th C.
- Alvaro José de Carvalho, Portuguese-American environmental scientist and educator
- Amauri Carvalho de Oliveira, Brazilian football player
- Ana Maria Carvalho, Brazilian-American professor of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Arizona
- Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken, American-born heiress and owner of a controlling interest in Heineken International
- Daniel da Silva Carvalho, Brazilian football player
- Daniel da Cruz Carvalho, Portuguese football player
- Edgar Patricio de Carvalho Pacheco, Angolan football player
- Edílson Pereira de Carvalho, Brazilian football referee
- Eleazar de Carvalho, Brazilian music conductor
- Emanuel Nunes Carvalho, American Rabbi, 18th C.
- Evaristo Carvalho, São Tomé and Príncipe prime minister
- Jaqueline Carvalho, Brazilian volleyball player
- João de Sousa Carvalho, Portuguese composer, 18th C.
- Joaquim Carvalho, Portuguese soccer player
- José Cândido Carvalho, Brazilian writer
- Karina Carvalho, Australian TV news anchor
- Léon Carvalho (1825-1897), French impresario and stage director
- Luiz Carvalho, Brazilian breaststroke swimmer
- Luís Cláudio Carvalho da Silva Brazilian footballer
- Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director
- Manuel Carvalho da Silva, coordinator of the General Confederation of the Portuguese Workers
- Michel de Carvalho, husband of Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken
- Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, Portuguese military officer
- Pedro Carvalho, Portuguese rugby player
- Pedro Carvalho, Brazilian jiu jitsu black belt and instructor
- Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese football player
- Ricardo Carvalho Calero, Galician professor
- Roger Carvalho (b. 1986), Brazilian footballer
- Ronald de Carvalho, Brazilian poet and diplomat
- Sara Carvalho, Portuguese composer
- Scheila Carvalho, Brazilian dancer and model
- Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, Portuguese statesman