Hormones That Influence Blood Glucose Level
| Hormone | Tissue of Origin | Metabolic Effect | Effect on Blood Glucose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin | Pancreatic β Cells | 1) Enhances entry of glucose into cells; 2) Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen, or conversion to fatty acids; 3) Enhances synthesis of fatty acids and proteins; 4) Suppresses breakdown of proteins into amino acids, of adipose tissue into free fatty acids. | Lowers |
| Somatostatin | Pancreatic δ Cells | 1) Suppresses glucagon release from α cells (acts locally); 2) Suppresses release of Insulin, Pituitary tropic hormones, gastrin and secretin. | Lowers |
| Glucagon | Pancreatic α Cells | 1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances synthesis of glucose from amino acids or fatty acids. | Raises |
| Epinephrine | Adrenal medulla | 1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue. | Raises |
| Cortisol | Adrenal cortex | 1) Enhances gluconeogenesis; 2) Antagonizes Insulin. | Raises |
| ACTH | Anterior pituitary | 1) Enhances release of cortisol; 2) Enhances release of fatty acids from adipose tissue. | Raises |
| Growth Hormone | Anterior pituitary | Antagonizes Insulin | Raises |
| Thyroxine | Thyroid | 1) Enhances release of glucose from glycogen; 2) Enhances absorption of sugars from intestine | Raises |
Read more about this topic: Blood Sugar Regulation
Famous quotes containing the words hormones, influence, blood and/or level:
“Teenage boys, goaded by their surging hormones ... run in packs like the primal horde. They have only a brief season of exhilarating liberty between control by their mothers and control by their wives.”
—Camille Paglia (b. 1947)
“The adolescent does not develop her identity and individuality by moving outside her family. She is not triggered by some magic unconscious dynamic whereby she rejects her family in favour of her peers or of a larger society.... She continues to develop in relation to her parents. Her mother continues to have more influence over her than either her father or her friends.”
—Terri Apter (20th century)
“A man who is good enough to shed his blood for his country is good enough to be given a square deal afterwards. More than that no man is entitled to, and less than that no man shall have.”
—Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)
“There are old heads in the world who cannot help me by their example or advice to live worthily and satisfactorily to myself; but I believe that it is in my power to elevate myself this very hour above the common level of my life.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)