Battle of The Afsluitdijk - The Battle

The Battle

Earlier in May 1940, two infantry sections—70 men in all—were sent to the end of the dyke to prevent German landings beyond the vision of both fortresses. The Germans soon found out about these units, and seven Luftwaffe fighters strafed Dutch positions. One soldier and two civilians were killed, 10 civilians wounded. After this, they were recalled to Kornwerderzand.

Until 12 May, the Germans had not tried to take Fort Kornwerderzand. However, that evening three soldiers were sent to see if the fort had been abandoned. They were pinned down by machine gun fire. Two were killed, while the third escaped. The Germans decided to take the fortress. They planned to launch Luftwaffe strikes, then an extended artillery bombardment by howitzers, after which they would send 500 soldiers.

However, unknown to the Germans three 20 mm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft cannons and four heavy anti-aircraft machine guns had arrived overnight at Kornwerderzand. The next day, pilots who had previously flown unchallenged were under fire. The Germans sent 62 planes to bomb the fort. The planes dropped five waves of bombs. Four planes were shot down and crashed into the sea. The bombardment was followed by an hour of heavy bombardment from the howitzers, but it had little effect on the heavily protected Dutch.

As soon as the bombing stopped the Germans advanced down the narrow dyke. Boers waited until they were within 800 m (870 yd), then ordered machine-gun fire, making it difficult for the Germans to withdraw. Most soldiers tried to hide, while a few managed to advance. The Germans were under constant fire for an hour and 20 minutes. When Boers ordered firing to stop, the remaining Germans withdrew — the assault had failed. During the night Boers ordered the dyke to be lit by flares and search lights so the fortress could not be attacked by surprise.

On the early morning of the 14th, the Germans once again fired their artillery at the fortress; however, during the night the Dutch had called in the sloop HNLMS Johan Maurits van Nassau, which returned fire with her three heavy 150 mm (5.9 in) guns from her position in the Wadden Sea approximately 18 km (11 mi) from the German positions. Fire directions came in from the fortress by telephone to Dutch Navy Command in Den Helder who forwarded them by radiotelegraph to the gunboat. This barrage silenced the German guns in less than an hour and dumbfounded the German commander, General Kurt Feldt, who was unaware of the presence of any Dutch artillery in the area, let alone this heavy caliber.