Some Major Work
- Word co-occurrence model
- Y Mori, H Takahashi, and R Oka (1999). "Image-to-word transformation based on dividing and vector quantizing images with words.". Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multimedia Intelligent Storage and Retrieval Management.
- Annotation as machine translation
- P Duygulu, K Barnard, N de Fretias, and D Forsyth (2002). "Object recognition as machine translation: Learning a lexicon for a fixed image vocabulary". Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 97–112. http://vision.cs.arizona.edu/kobus/research/publications/ECCV-02-1/.
- Statistical models
- J Li and J Z Wang (2006). "Real-time Computerized Annotation of Pictures". Proc. ACM Multimedia. pp. 911–920. http://www-db.stanford.edu/~wangz/project/imsearch/ALIP/ACMMM06/.
- J Z Wang and J Li (2002). "Learning-Based Linguistic Indexing of Pictures with 2-D MHMMs". Proc. ACM Multimedia. pp. 436–445. http://www-db.stanford.edu/~wangz/project/imsearch/ALIP/ACM02/.
- Automatic linguistic indexing of pictures
- J Li and J Z Wang (2008). "Real-time Computerized Annotation of Pictures". IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. http://infolab.stanford.edu/~wangz/project/imsearch/ALIP/PAMI08/.
- J Li and J Z Wang (2003). "Automatic Linguistic Indexing of Pictures by a Statistical Modeling Approach". IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. pp. 1075–1088. http://www-db.stanford.edu/~wangz/project/imsearch/ALIP/PAMI03/.
- Hierarchical Aspect Cluster Model
- K Barnard, D A Forsyth (2001). "Learning the Semantics of Words and Pictures". Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 408–415. http://kobus.ca/research/publications/ICCV-01/.
- Latent Dirichlet Allocation model
- D Blei, A Ng, and M Jordan (2003). "Latent Dirichlet allocation". Journal of Machine Learning Research. pp. 3:993–1022. http://www.ics.uci.edu/~liang/seminars/win05/papers/blei03-latent-dirichlet.pdf.
- Supervised multiclass labeling
- G Carneiro, A B Chan, P Moreno, and N Vasconcelos (2006). "Supervised Learning of Semantic Classes for Image Annotation and Retrieval". IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. pp. 394–410. http://www.svcl.ucsd.edu/publications/journal/2007/pami/pami07-semantics.pdf.
- Texture similarity
- R W Picard and T P Minka (1995). "Vision Texture for Annotation". Multimedia Systems. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/picard95vision.html.
- Support Vector Machines
- C Cusano, G Ciocca, and R Scettini (2004). "Image Annotation Using SVM". Proceedings of Internet Imaging IV. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2003SPIE.5304..330C&db_key=INST.
- Ensemble of Decision Trees and Random Subwindows
- R Maree, P Geurts, J Piater, and L Wehenkel (2005). "Random Subwindows for Robust Image Classification". Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 1:34-30. http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~maree/#publications.
- Maximum Entropy
- J Jeon, R Manmatha (2004). "Using Maximum Entropy for Automatic Image Annotation". Int'l Conf on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR 2004). pp. 24–32. http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-355.pdf.
- Relevance models
- J Jeon, V Lavrenko, and R Manmatha (2003). "Automatic image annotation and retrieval using cross-media relevance models". Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. pp. 119–126. http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-41.pdf.
- Relevance models using continuous probability density functions
- V Lavrenko, R Manmatha, and J Jeon (2003). "A model for learning the semantics of pictures". Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS. http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-46.pdf.
- Coherent Language Model
- R Jin, J Y Chai, L Si (2004). "Effective Automatic Image Annotation via A Coherent Language Model and Active Learning". Proceedings of MM'04. http://www.cse.msu.edu/~rongjin/publications/acmmm04.jin.pdf.
- Inference networks
- D Metzler and R Manmatha (2004). "An inference network approach to image retrieval". Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval. pp. 42–50. http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-346.pdf.
- Multiple Bernoulli distribution
- S Feng, R Manmatha, and V Lavrenko (2004). "Multiple Bernoulli relevance models for image and video annotation". IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 1002–1009. http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-333.pdf.
- Multiple design alternatives
- J Y Pan, H-J Yang, P Duygulu and C Faloutsos (2004). "Automatic Image Captioning". Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME'04). http://www.informedia.cs.cmu.edu/documents/ICME04AutoICap.pdf.
- Natural scene annotation
- J Fan, Y Gao, H Luo and G Xu (2004). "Automatic Image Annotation by Using Concept-Sensitive Salient Objects for Image Content Representation". Proceedings of the 27th annual international conference on Research and development in information retrieval. pp. 361–368. http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1009055&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=1581830&CFTOKEN=99651762.
- Relevant low-level global filters
- A Oliva and A Torralba (2001). "Modeling the shape of the scene: a holistic representation of the spatial envelope". International Journal of Computer Vision. pp. 42:145–175. http://cvcl.mit.edu/Papers/IJCV01-Oliva-Torralba.pdf.
- Global image features and nonparametric density estimation
- A Yavlinsky, E Schofield and S Rüger (2005). "Automated Image Annotation Using Global Features and Robust Nonparametric Density Estimation". Int'l Conf on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR, Singapore, Jul 2005). http://km.doc.ic.ac.uk/www-pub/civr05-annotation.pdf.
- Video semantics
- N Vasconcelos and A Lippman (2001). "Statistical Models of Video Structure for Content Analysis and Characterization". IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. pp. 1–17. http://www.svcl.ucsd.edu/publications/journal/2000/ip/ip00.pdf.
- Ilaria Bartolini, Marco Patella, and Corrado Romani (2010). "Shiatsu: Semantic-based Hierarchical Automatic Tagging of Videos by Segmentation Using Cuts". 3rd ACM International Multimedia Workshop on Automated Information Extraction in Media Production (AIEMPro10). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1862344.1862364.
- Image Annotation Refinement
- Yohan Jin, Latifur Khan, Lei Wang, and Mamoun Awad (2005). "Image annotations by combining multiple evidence & wordNet". 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM 05). pp. 706–715. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1101305&dl=GUIDE,.
- Changhu Wang, Feng Jing, Lei Zhang, and Hong-Jiang Zhang (2006). "Image annotation refinement using random walk with restarts". 14th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM 06). http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1180639.1180774#,.
- Changhu Wang, Feng Jing, Lei Zhang, and Hong-Jiang Zhang (2007). "content-based image annotation refinement". IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 07). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4270246.
- Ilaria Bartolini and Paolo Ciaccia (2007). "Imagination: Exploiting Link Analysis for Accurate Image Annotation". Springer Adaptive Multimedia Retrieval. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p45754gl2502u852/.
- Ilaria Bartolini and Paolo Ciaccia (2010). "Multi-dimensional Keyword-based Image Annotation and Search". 2nd ACM International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data (KEYS 2010). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1868366.1868371.
- Automatic Image Annotation by Ensemble of Visual Descriptors
- Emre Akbas and Fatos Y. Vural (2007). "Automatic Image Annotation by Ensemble of Visual Descriptors". Intl. Conf. on Computer Vision (CVPR) 2007, Workshop on Semantic Learning Applications in Multimedia. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4270482.
- Simultaneous Image Classification and Annotation
- Chong Wang and David Blei and Li Fei-Fei (2009). "Simultaneous Image Classification and Annotation". Intl. Conf. on Computer Vision (CVPR). http://cs.stanford.edu/groups/vision/documents/WangBleiFei-Fei_CVPR2009.pdf.
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