Altstadt is the German language word for "old town", meaning "historical city centre within the city wall", in contrast to younger suburbs outside. Neustadt (new town), the logical opposite of "Altstadt", mostly stands for a part of the "Altstadt" in modern sense, sometimes only few years younger than the oldest part, sometimes a late medieval enlargement.
Most German towns have an Altstadt, even though the ravages of war have destroyed many of them, especially during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). In the "War of the Palatinian Succession" of 1688, the order to Brûlez le Palatinat! was executed by Mélac, devastating many cities and large parts of South Western Germany, like the Heidelberg castle.
Allied Strategic bombing during World War II destroyed nearly all large cities, with Dresden being the most prominent victim. Many smaller towns remained intact, for example Tübingen, Dinkelsbühl or Quedlinburg. Some Altstadt parts in Freiburg, Berlin, Rothenburg ob der Tauber and famously Weimar have been painstakingly restored. Some German Altstädte, with gabled half-timbered houses and cobblestone markets, have been overhauled after copy-cat places had been built abroad to mimic them, like in 1955 the first Fantasyland in Disneyland.
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