Allegany (see also the variants Allegheny and Alleghany) is the name of several places in the United States:
- Allegany County, Maryland
- Allegany College of Maryland
- Allegany County, New York
- Allegany (town), New York, in Cattaraugus County
- Allegany (village), New York, in the town of Allegany, Cattaraugus County
- Allegany Reservation, New York, an American Indian reservation in Cattaraugus County
- Allegany State Park, a New York state park in Cattaraugus County that touches the Pennsylvania border.
- Allegany, Oregon
- Allegany Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania
Organizations:
- Allegany Ballistics Laboratory