Aletta is a given name for women, and may refer to:
- Aletta Jacobs (1854–1929), first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands
- Aletta van Manen (born 1958), Dutch hockey player
Aletta may also refer to:
- 1194 Aletta, asteroid
- Hurricane Aletta (disambiguation), the name of several tropical cyclones
- SS Narva, originally called Aletta Noot