Mosaddeq Resigns, Is Reinstated and Wins Emergency Powers
| Year | Date | Event | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | July 16 | Mosaddeq nominates his own War Minister. The Shah refuses to accept his nomination. Mosaddeq then resigns and appeals to the general public for support. After the Shah dismisses Mosaddeq and appoints another prime minister, the National Front—supported by the Tudeh—calls for protest strikes and mass demonstrations in favor of Mosaddeq. | Shift of power away from Shah who had traditionally controlled the ministry of war. |
| 1952 | July 21 | Siyeh-i Tir. After five days of mass demonstrations, and 29 killed in Tehran, and "signs of dissension in the army," the Shah backs down and asks Mosaddeq to form a new government. | Enormous personal triumph for Mosaddeq. Shah loses still more power. |
| 1952 | July 23 | Mosaddeq asks majlis for "emergency powers for six months to decree any law he felt necessary for obtaining not only financial solvency, but also electoral, judicial, and educational reforms." | Capitalizing on the defeat of his opposition Mosaddeq deals "a rapid succession of blows ... not only at the Shah and the military but also at the landed aristocracy and the two Houses of Parliament.". |
| 1952 | August | Truman-Churchill joint communique issued, demonstrating America is in alliance with Britain. Calls for the amount of compensation for AIOC to be arbitrated. Mosaddeq responds with a demand for ₤50 million in compensation for underpayment by the British | Communique is "deeply damaging to Mosaddeq" as he can "not longer claim to be able to use against the British." Americans now closer to the British position that it is "impossible to do business with Mosaddeq." |
| 1952 | October | Mosaddeq "orders the British embassy shut" after learning of British plotting to overthrow him. | UK plans to overthrow Mosaddeq derailed. |
| 1952 | October 13 | Gen. Abdolhossein Hejazi and three members of the Rashidian family are arrested for plotting against the government in association with a foreign (i.e. British) embassy. Gen. Hejazi was released shortly after and the Rashidians were released six weeks later. | Failure to crush anti-regime forces. |
| 1952 | October 23 | General Zahedi, an anti-Mosaddeq conspirator goes underground after the Majlis declares the Senate dissolved, ending Zahedi's immunity from arrest. Zahedi has been meeting (conspiring) with British agents and Islamist leader Kashani. | Prospects for a coup now dim. "Britain has no intelligence agents in Iran" and Zahdi is "out of circulation." American Truman administration remains "implacably against the idea of intervention." |
| 1953 | January 20 | Mosaddeq successfully presses Parliament to extend "emergency powers for another 12 months". With these powers, he decrees a land reform law that establishes village councils, and increases the peasants' share of production. |
Read more about this topic: Abadan Crisis Timeline
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