Usage
Despite its perceived problems, BER is a popular format for transmitting data, particularly in systems with different native data encodings.
- The SNMP and LDAP protocols specify ASN.1 with BER as their required encoding scheme.
- The EMV standard for credit and debit cards uses BER to encode data onto the card
- The digital signature standard PKCS #7 also specifies ASN.1 with BER to encode encrypted messages and their digital signature or digital envelope.
- The public key certificate standard X.509 also uses ASN.1 with BER as its encoding.
- Many telecommunication systems, such as ISDN, toll-free call routing, and most cellular phone services use ASN.1 with BER to some degree for transmitting control messages over the network.
- GSM TAP (Transferred Account Procedures), NRTRDE (Near Real Time Roaming Data Exchange) files are encoded using BER.
By comparison, the more definite DER encoding is widely used to transfer digital certificates such as X.509.
Read more about this topic: X.690
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