Components of Water Potential
Many different factors may affect the total water potential, and the sum of these potentials determines the overall water potential and the direction of water flow:
where:
- is the reference correction,
- is the solute potential,
- is the pressure component,
- is the gravimetric component,
- is the potential due to humidity, and
- is the potential due to matrix effects (e.g., fluid cohesion and surface tension.)
All of these factors are quantified as potential energies per unit volume, and different subsets of these terms may be used for particular applications (e.g., plants or soils). Different conditions are also defined as reference depending on the application: for example, in soils, the reference condition is typically defined as pure water at the soil surface.
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