Wild Water Buffalo
True wild water buffalo are thought to survive in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Thailand.
The IUCN Red List of threatened species classifies wild water buffalo (Bubalis arnee) as an endangered species in Southeast Asia. They run rampant as wild animals in the Northern Territory, Australia, which is the only part of the world where they are legally hunted because of their large numbers there. The total number of wild water buffalo left in Southeast Asia is thought to be less than 4,000, which suggests the number of mature individuals will be less than 2,500, and an estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within 14 years (about two generations) and at least 50% within 21 years seems likely, given the severity of the threats, especially hybridization with the abundant domestic Asian water buffalo, leading to genetic pollution.
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—Anthony Trollope (1815–1882)