Power Plants
| Power plant | Country | Reactors | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akkuyu | Turkey | (4 × VVER-1200/491) (AES-2006) | Under construction. |
| Balakovo | Russia | 4 × VVER-1000/320 (2 × VVER-1000/320) |
Unit 5 and 6 construction suspended. |
| Belene | Bulgaria | (2 × VVER-1000/446) | Planned. |
| Bohunice | Slovakia | 2 × VVER-440/230 2 × VVER-440/213 |
Split in two plants, V-1 and V-2 with two reactors each. VVER-440/230 units decommissioned in 2007. |
| Bushehr | Iran | 1 × VVER-1000/446 (3 × VVER-1000/446) |
A version of the V-320 adapted to the Bushehr site. Unit 2 and 3 planned, unit 4 cancelled. |
| Dukovany | Czech Republic | 4 × VVER 440/213 | Now upgraded to 502 MW in 2009-2012. |
| Greifswald | Germany | 4 × VVER-440/230 1 × VVER-440/213 (3 × VVER-440/213) |
Decommissioned. Unit 6 finished, but never operated. Unit 7 and 8 construction suspended. |
| Kalinin | Russia | 2 × VVER-1000/338 1 × VVER-1000/320 (1 × VVER-1000/320) |
Unit 4 under construction, operational 2011. |
| Khmelnitskiy | Ukraine | 2 × VVER-1000/320 (2 × VVER-1000/392B) |
Unit 3 and 4 under construction. |
| Kola | Russia | 2 × VVER-440/230 2 × VVER-440/213 |
|
| Koodankulam | India | (2 × VVER-1000/412) (AES-92) | Under construction, operational 2012/2013 with four additional units planned. |
| Kozloduy | Bulgaria | 4 × VVER-440/230 2 × VVER-1000 |
VVER-440/230 units decommissioned 2003-2006. |
| Leningrad II | Russia | 2 × VVER-1200/491 (2 × VVER-1200/491) |
The units are the prototypes of the VVER-1200/491 (AES-2006) and under construction. |
| Loviisa | Finland | 2 × VVER-440/213 | Western control systems, Totally different containment structures. Later modified for a 496 MW output. |
| Metsamor | Armenia | 2 × VVER-440/230 | One reactor was shut down in 1989. |
| Mochovce | Slovakia | 2 × VVER-440/213 (2 × VVER-440/213) |
Units 3 and 4 construction suspended due to lack of funds, planned to be operational in 2012. |
| Novovoronezh | Russia | 1 x VVER-210 (V-1) 1 x VVER-365 (V-3) 2 × VVER-440/179 1 × VVER-1000/187 |
All units are prototypes. Unit 1 and 2 shutdown. Unit 3 modernised in 2002. |
| Novovoronezh II | Russia | (2 × VVER-1200/392M) (AES-2006) | The units are the prototypes of the VVER-1200/392M (AES-2006) and under construction. |
| Paks | Hungary | 4 × VVER-440/213 | Two VVER-1000/320 plan was cancelled. |
| Rheinsberg | Germany | 1 × VVER-210 | Unit decommissioned |
| Rivne | Ukraine | 2 × VVER-440/213 2 × VVER-1000/320 (2 × VVER-1000/320) |
Unit 5 and 6 planning suspended. |
| South Ukraine | Ukraine | 1 × VVER-1000/302 1 × VVER-1000/338 1 × VVER-1000/320 (1 × VVER-1000/320) |
unit 4 construction suspended. |
| Stendal | Germany | (4 × VVER-1000/320) | All 4 units construction cancelled after Germany reunification. |
| Temelin | Czech Republic | 2 × VVER-1000/320 (2 × VVER-1000/320) |
Unit 3 and 4 construction suspended. Now unit 3 and 4 in planning again (operated in 2025). |
| Tianwan | China | 2 × VVER-1000/428 (AES-91) (6 × VVER-1000/428) |
Unit 3 to 8 firmly planned. |
| Volgodonsk | Russia | 2 × VVER-1000/320 (2 × VVER-1000/320) |
Unit 3 and 4 is under construction and planned to be operational in 2013 and 2014. |
| Zaporizhzhia | Ukraine | 6 × VVER-1000/320 | Largest nuclear power plant in Europe. |
- See the Wikipedia pages for each facility for sources.
Russia recently installed two nuclear reactors in China at the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant, and an extension consisting of a further two reactors was just approved. This is the first time the two countries have co-operated on a nuclear power project. The reactors are the VVER 1000 type, which Russia has improved incrementally while retaining the basic design. These VVER 1000 reactors are housed in a confinement shell capable of being hit by an aircraft weighing 20 tonnes and suffering no expected damage. Other important safety features include an emergency core cooling system and core confinement system. Russia delivered initial fuel loads for the Tianwan reactors. China planned to begin indigenous fuel fabrication for the Tianwan plant in 2010, using technology transferred from Russian nuclear fuel producer TVEL.
The Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant uses many third party parts. While the reactor and turbo-generators are of Russian design, the control room was designed and built by an international consortium. In this way the plant was brought to meet widely recognised safety standards; safety systems were already mostly in place but the previous monitoring of these systems did not meet international safety standards. The new VVER 1000 plant built in China has 94% of its systems automated, meaning the plant can control itself under most situations. Refueling procedures require little human intervention. Five operators are still needed in the control room. The IAEA has referred to the station as the "safest nuclear power plant in the world".
In May 2010 Russia secured an agreement with the Turkish government to build a power plant with four VVER-1200 reactors at Akkuyu, Turkey. However, due to the accident experienced in Fukushima, anti-nuclear environmentalist groups heavily protested the proposed reactor at Akkuyu.
On 11 October 2011 an agreement was signed to build Belarus’ first nuclear power plant at Ostrovets, using two NPP-2006 reactors with active and passive safety systems. The first unit is planned to be completed by 2017.
Read more about this topic: VVER
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