Village Communities - Conclusion

Conclusion

In conclusion, it seems that they may be stated under the following heads:

  1. Primitive stages of civilization disclose in human society a strong tendency towards mutual support in economic matters as well as for the sake of defence.
  2. The most natural form assumed by such unions for defence and co-operation is that of kinship.
  3. In epochs of pastoral husbandry and of the beginnings of agriculture land is mainly owned by tribes, kindreds and enlarged households, while individuals enjoy only rights of usage and possession.
  4. In course of time unions of neighbors are substituted for unions of kinsmen.
  5. In Germanic societies the community of the township rests on the foundation of efficient holdingsbids, hides, hufenkept together as far as possible by rules of united or single succession.
  6. The open-field system, which prevailed in the whole of Northern Europe for nearly a thousand years, was closely dependent on the customs of tribal and neighborly unions.
  7. Even now the treatment of commons represents the last manifestations of ancient communal arrangements, and it can only be reasonably and justly interpreted by reference to the law and practice of former times.

Read more about this topic:  Village Communities

Famous quotes containing the word conclusion:

    “of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness
    of the flesh.
    Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep
    his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.”
    —Bible: Hebrew Ecclesiastes (l. XII, 13)

    “No one can write a best seller by trying to. He must write with complete sincerity; the clichés that make you laugh, the hackneyed characters, the well-worn situations, the commonplace story that excites your derision, seem neither hackneyed, well worn nor commonplace to him.... The conclusion is obvious: you cannot write anything that will convince unless you are yourself convinced. The best seller sells because he writes with his heart’s blood.”
    —W. Somerset Maugham (1874–1966)

    “The conclusion suggested by these arguments might be called the paradox of theorizing. It asserts that if the terms and the general principles of a scientific theory serve their purpose, i. e., if they establish the definite connections among observable phenomena, then they can be dispensed with since any chain of laws and interpretive statements establishing such a connection should then be replaceable by a law which directly links observational antecedents to observational consequents.”
    —C.G. (Carl Gustav)