Treatment
Depending on the severity of the reflux, surgery is usually recommended.
Low-grade reflux often resolves on its own as the child grows, and this type of reflux does not require surgery —however close monitoring and special antibiotics must be administered.
High-grade reflux can benefit from surgery, of which a selection of techniques are described below.
Bladder augmentation to reduce pressure in the bladder during urination.
Ureter repositioning has emerged in the 1990s. Ureter repositioning is less complicated to perform than bladder augmentation and so far has proved to suffer from less complications post surgery. The refluxing ureter or urinary tube is repositioned or re-implanted in the bladder wall. The end of the ureter is surrounded by bladder muscle in this new position in the bladder, which prevents urine from refluxing toward the kidneys.
See also Bladder reconstruction / Substitution cecocystoplasty.
Until treatment is performed, an indwelling catheter should be left temporarily inserted to evacuate urine as soon as it begins to collect in the bladder to prevent further kidney damage due to reflux.
Read more about this topic: Vesicouretic Reflux
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