Related Moraines
The Lake Erie basin has two moraines of the same age as the Valparaiso Moraine, the Mississinawa Moraine and the Union Moraine. These moraines formed from the Lake Erie Lobe of the continental glacier.
The Mississinawa Moraine begins in Ohio east of Lima in Hardin County, then running southwest in a shallow arc to the south of Grand Lake St. Marys and St. Marys in Mercer County towards Fort Recovery, Ohio. Just west of Fort Recovery, the moraine again arches southward towards the Mississinewa River in Jackson County, Indiana. The moraine follows the eastern bank of the river northwestward to where it enters the Wabash River at Wabash, Indiana. Angling towards the north and a little east, the Mississinawa moraine merges with the Packerton Moraine north of the Eel River in Whitley County near Columbia City. The moraine does not end here, but continues in a northeasterly direction through the three corners area of Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio until reaching Ann Arbor, Michigan, where numerous moraines intermingle.
The Union Moraine begins in Ohio, east of Bellefontaine and the highest point in that state (Campbell Hill, 1,549 feet (472 m)), towards Greenville in Darke County. Traveling southwestward and arcing a little northward, the moraine reaches Union City, Ohio, for which it is named. From here, it travels almost directly westward to Muncie, Indiana. From Muncie, the moraine runs northwest, ending in the bluffs overlooking Pipe Creek at Bunker Hill, Indiana, just south of Peru on the Wabash River.
The Fort Wayne Moraine is considered contemporary to the last stages of the Valparaiso Moraine. Centered on Fort Wayne, Indiana, the northern leg of the moraine is mostly overlaid by the younger Wabash Moraine angling northeastward through Williams County, Ohio. It only becomes identifiable in Lenawee County, Michigan, south and northeast of Adrian before ending in the intermingling of moraines around Ann Arbor. The south and eastern leg of the moraine follows the northern bank of the St. Marys River into Ohio. At the north bend of the St. Marys River, the moraine arcs northeastward through Lima, continuing in a northward arc to reach north of U.S. 30 in Hancock County to pass through Upper Sandusky, again bending to the north to end 15 to 20 miles (24 to 32 km) to the northeast.
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