Timeline of Russian History - 17th Century

17th Century

Year Date Event
1604 October False Dmitriy I, a man claiming to be the murdered Dmitriy Ivanovich, invaded Muscovy.
1605 13 April Boris died. His son Feodor II was pronounced tsar.
1 July A group of boyars defected in support of False Dmitriy, seized control of the Kremlin, and arrested Feodor.
20 June False Dmitriy and his army arrived in Moscow.
20 July Feodor and his mother were strangled.
21 July False Dmitriy was crowned tsar.
1606 8 May False Dmitriy married a Catholic, inflaming suspicions that he meant to convert Muscovy to Catholicism.
17 May Conservative boyars led by Vasili Shuisky stormed the Kremlin and shot False Dmitriy to death during his escape.
19 May Shuisky's allies declared him Tsar Vasili IV.
1607 False Dmitriy II, another claimant to the identity of Dmitriy Ivanovich, obtained financial and military support from a group of Polish magnates.
1609 28 February Vasili ceded border territory to Sweden in exchange for military aid against the government of False Dmitriy II.
September Polish–Muscovite War (1609–1618): The Polish king Sigismund III led an army into Muscovy.
1610 4 July Battle of Klushino: Seven thousand Polish cavalrymen defeated a vastly superior Muscovite force at Klushino.
19 July Vasili was overthrown. A group of nobles, the Seven Boyars, replaced him at the head of the government.
27 July Polish–Russian War (1609–1618): A truce was established. The boyars promised to recognize Sigismund's son and heir Władysław as tsar, conditional on severe limits to his power and his conversion to Orthodoxy.
August Polish–Russian War (1609–1618): Sigismund rejected the boyars' conditions.
December Hermogenes, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, urged the Muscovite people to rise against the Poles.
11 December False Dmitriy II was shot and beheaded by one of his entourage.
1612 1 November Polish–Russian War (1609–1618): Muscovite populace rising against the Poles recaptured the Kremlin.
1613 Ingrian War: Sweden invaded Muscovy.
21 February A zemsky sobor elected Michael Romanov, a grandson of Ivan the Terrible's brother-in-law, the tsar of Muscovy.
1617 27 February Ingrian War: The Treaty of Stolbovo ended the war. Kexholm, Ingria, Estonia and Livonia went to Sweden.
1618 11 December Polish–Russian War (1609–1618): The Truce of Deulino ended the war. Muscovy ceded the city of Smolensk and the Czernihów Voivodeship to Poland.
1619 13 February Feodor Romanov, Michael's father, was released from Polish prison and allowed to return to Muscovy.
1632 October Smolensk War: With the expiration of the Truce of Deulino, a Muscovite army was sent to lay siege to Smolensk.
1634 1 March Smolensk War: The Muscovite army, surrounded, was forced to surrender.
14 June Smolensk War: The Treaty of Polyanovka was signed, ending the war. Poland retained Smolensk, but Władysław renounced his claim to the Muscovite throne.
1645 13 July Michael died. His son, Alexis I, succeeded him.
1648 25 January Khmelnytsky Uprising: A Polish szlachta, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, leads the Cossacks of the Zaporizhian Sich against the Polish Crown.
1 June Salt Riot: Upset over the introduction of a salt tax, the townspeople launched a rebellion in Moscow.
11 June Salt Riot: A group of nobles demanded a zemsky sobor on behalf of the rebellion.
3 July Salt Riot: Many of the rebellion's leaders were executed.
25 December Khmelnytsky Uprising: Khmelnytsky entered the Ukrainian capital, Kiev.
1649 January A zemsky sobor ratified a new legal code, the Sobornoye Ulozheniye.
1653 Raskol: Nikon, the Patriarch of Moscow, reformed Muscovite liturgy to align with the rituals of the Greek Church.
1654 Khmelnytsky Uprising: Under the Treaty of Pereyaslav, Left-bank Ukraine, the territory of the Zaporozhian Host, allies itself with Muscovy.
July Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Muscovite army invaded Poland.
1655 Deluge (history): Sweden invaded the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
3 July Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Muscovite army captured Vilnius.
25 July Deluge (history): The voivode of Poznań surrendered to the Swedish invaders.
2 November Muscovy negotiated a ceasefire with Poland.
1656 July Russo–Swedish War (1656–1658): Muscovite reserves invaded Ingria.
1658 26 February Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658): The Treaty of Roskilde ended Sweden's war with Denmark, allowing her to shift her troops to the eastern conflicts.
16 September Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Treaty of Hadiach established a military alliance between Poland and the Zaporozhian Host, and promised the creation of a Commonwealth of three nations: Poland, Lithuania and Rus'.
28 December Russo–Swedish War (1656–1658): The Treaty of Valiesar established a peace. The conquered Ingrian territories were ceded to Muscovy for three years.
1660 23 April Deluge (history): The Treaty of Oliva ended the conflict between Poland and Sweden.
1661 Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): Polish forces recaptured Vilnius.
The Treaty of Valiesar expired. Muscovy returned Ingria to the Swedish Empire by the Treaty of Cardis.
1662 25 July Copper Riot: In the early morning, a group of Muscovites marched to Kolomenskoye and demanded punishment for the government ministers who had debased Muscovy's copper currency. On their arrival, they were countered by the military; a thousand were hanged or drowned. The rest were exiled.
1665 Lubomirski's Rokosz: A Polish nobleman launched a rokosz (rebellion) against the king.
The pro-Turkish Cossack noble Petro Doroshenko defeated his pro-Muscovite adversaries in the Right-bank Ukraine.
1667 Raskol: A church council anathematized the Old Believers, who rejected Nikon's reforms.
30 January Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Treaty of Andrusovo ended the war between the Commonwelath and Muscovy without Cossack representation. Poland agreed to cede the Smoleńsk and Czernihów Voivodships and acknowledged Muscovite control over the Left-bank Ukraine.
1669 Doroshenko signed a treaty that recognized his state as a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire.
1670 The Cossack Stenka Razin began a rebellion against the Muscovite government.
1671 Razin was captured, tortured, and quartered in Red Square on the Lobnoye Mesto.
1674 The Cossacks of the Right-bank Ukraine elected the pro-Muscovite Ivan Samoylovych, Hetman of the Left-bank Ukraine, to replace Doroshenko and become the Hetman of a unified Ukraine.
1676 Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681): The Ottoman army joined Doroshenko's forces in an attack on the Left-bank city of Chyhyryn.
29 January Alexis died. His son Feodor III became tsar.
1680 Russo-Crimean Wars: The Crimean invasions of Muscovy ended.
1681 3 January Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681): The war ended with the Treaty of Bakhchisarai. The Russo-Turkish border was settled at the Dnieper River.
1682 Feodor abolished the mestnichestvo, an ancient, un-meritocratic system of making political appointments.
14 April Avvakum, the most prominent leader of the Old Believer movement, was burned at the stake.
27 April Feodor died with no children. Peter I, The Great, Alexis's son by his second wife Natalia Naryshkina, was declared tsar. His mother became regent.
17 May Moscow Uprising of 1682: Streltsy regiments belonging to the faction of Alexis's first wife, Maria Miloslavskaya, took over the Kremlin, executed Naryshkina's brothers, and declared Miloslavskaya's invalid son Ivan V the "senior tsar," with Peter remaining on the throne as the junior. Miloslavkaya's oldest daughter Sophia Alekseyevna became regent.
1687 May Crimean campaigns: The Muscovite army launched an invasion against an Ottoman vassal, the Crimean Khanate.
17 June Crimean campaigns: Faced with a burned steppe incapable of feeding their horses, the Muscovites turned back.
1689 June Fyodor Shaklovity, the head of the Streltsy Department, persuaded Alekseyevna to proclaim herself tsarina and attempted to ignite a new rebellion in her support. The streltsy instead defected in support of Peter.
11 October Shaklovity was executed.
1696 29 January Ivan died.
23 April Second Azov campaign: The Muscovite army began its deployment to an important Ottoman fortress, Azov.
27 May Second Azov campaign: The Muscovite navy arrived at the sea and blockaded Azov.
19 July Second Azov campaign: The Ottoman garrison surrendered.
1698 6 June Streltsy Uprising: Approximately four thousand streltsy overthrew their commanders and headed to Moscow, where they meant to demand the enthroning of the exiled Sophia Alekseyevna.
18 June Streltsy Uprising: The rebels were defeated.
1700 19 August Great Northern War: Muscovy declared war on Sweden.
16 October Adrian, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, died. Peter prevented the election of a successor.

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