Churchmen
- Pope Sylvester I (died 335), Saint Sylvester
- Pope Sylvester II (c. 946–1003)
- Pope Sylvester III (died 1062 or 1063)
- Antipope Sylvester IV, a claimant from 1105 to 1111
- Sylvester of Kiev (c. 1055–1123), clergyman and writer in Kievan Rus
- Sylvester Gozzolini (1177–1267), saint and founder of the Sylvestrines religious order
- Sylvester of Assisi (died 1240), companion of Saint Francis of Assisi
- Sylvester of Worcester, early 13th century Bishop of Worcester
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