Hydrology and Hydraulics Capabilities
SWMM 5 accounts for various hydrologic processes that produce surface and subsurface runoff from urban areas. These include:
Time-varying rainfall for an unlimited number of raingages for both design and continuous hyetographs evaporation of standing surface water on watersheds and surface ponds snowfall accumulation, plowing and melting rainfall interception from depression storage in both impervious and pervious areas infiltration of rainfall into unsaturated soil layers percolation of infiltrated water into groundwater layers interflow between groundwater and pipes and ditches nonlinear reservoir routing of watershed overland flow.
Spatial variability in all of these processes is achieved by dividing a study area into a collection of smaller, homogeneous watershed or subcatchment areas, each containing its own fraction of pervious and impervious sub-areas. Overland flow can be routed between sub-areas, between subcatchments, or between entry points of a drainage system.
SWMM also contains a flexible set of hydraulic modeling capabilities used to route runoff and external inflows through the drainage system network of pipes, channels, storage/treatment units and diversion structures. These include the ability to:
handle drainage networks of unlimited size use a wide variety of standard closed and open conduit shapes as well as natural or irregular channels model special elements such as storage/treatment units, outlets, flow dividers, pumps, weirs, and orifices apply external flows and water quality inputs from surface runoff, groundwater interflow, rainfall-dependent infiltration/inflow, dry weather sanitary flow, and user-defined inflows utilize either steady, kinematic wave or full dynamic wave flow routing methods model various flow regimes, such as backwater, surcharging, pressure, reverse flow, and surface ponding apply user-defined dynamic control rules to simulate the operation of pumps, orifice openings, and weir crest levels
In addition to modeling the generation and transport of runoff flows, SWMM can also estimate the production of pollutant loads associated with this runoff. The following processes can be modeled for any number of user-defined water quality constituents:
Dry-weather pollutant buildup over different land uses pollutant washoff from specific land uses during storm events direct contribution of wet and dry rainfall deposition reduction in dry-weather buildup due to street cleaning reduction in washoff load due to BMP's and LID's entry of dry weather sanitary flows and user-specified external inflows at any point in the drainage system routing of water quality constituents through the drainage system reduction in constituent concentration through treatment in storage units or by natural processes in pipes and channels.
Read more about this topic: Storm Water Management Model
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