Stacking of Stateless and Stateful Protocol Layers
There can be complex interactions between stateful and stateless protocols within different protocol layers. For example, HTTP is an example of a stateless protocol layered on top of TCP, a stateful protocol, which is layered on top of IP, another stateless protocol, which is routed on a network that employs BGP, another stateful protocol, to direct the IP packets riding on the network.
This stacking of layers continues even above HTTP. As a work-around for the lack of a session layer in HTTP, HTTP servers implement various session management methods, typically utilizing a unique identifier in a cookie or parameter that allows the server to track requests originating from the same client, and effectively creating a stateful protocol on top of HTTP.
Read more about this topic: Stateless Protocol
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