Science in The Context of Islamic Civilization
The term Islam refers to the religion of Islam, and also the Islamic civilization which formed around it. Islamic civilization is composed of many faiths and cultures, although the proportion of Muslims among its population has increased over time.
The religion of Islam was founded during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After his death in 632, Islam continued to expand under the leadership of its Muslim rulers, known as Caliphs. Struggles for leadership of the growing religious community began at this time, and continue today. The early periods of Islamic history after the death of Muhammad can be referred to as the Umayyad Caliphates.
During the Umayyad Caliphate, the Islamic empire began to consolidate its territorial gains. Arabic became the language of administration. The Arabs became a ruling class assimilated into their new surroundings across the empire, rather than occupiers of conquered territories.
Read more about this topic: Science In The Medieval Islamic World
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