Dukes of Saxe-Gotha
- Ernest I the Pious (1640–75), Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672
- Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675-1691), jointly with his brothers until 1680:
- Albert V, became Duke of Saxe-Coburg
- Bernhard I, became Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Heinrich, became Duke of Saxe-Römhild
- Christian, became Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg
- Ernest, became Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- John Ernest IV, became Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld
When the house of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split. Saxe-Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen received Saxe-Altenburg, and gave the district of Hildburghausen to Saxe-Meiningen.
After the abolition of German monarchies at the end of the First World War it became a part of the newly created state of Thuringia in 1920.
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