Course
The Sharda originates from the Greater Himalayas at Kalapaani (there is a long lingering dispute over territory with Nepal) at an altitude of 3600 m, in the Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand, India, joins with the Gori Ganga at Jauljibi, which in turn joins the Saryu River at Pancheshwar. (The area around Pancheshwar is called 'Kali Kumaon'). Kalapaani is situated on the route of Kailash Manasarovar Yatra(Pilgrimage) tour and it is said that it was here that the Great Sage Vyasa meditated and spent his life, thus, giving the valley its name, the Vyasa valley. The river is named after the Goddess Kali whose temple is situated in Kalapaani near the Lipu-Lekh pass at the border between India and Tibet.
The river borders the Nepalese Mahakali Zone and the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It was the site of the Nepalese military base before the Gurkha War (Anglo-Nepal War of 1814-16). The Sugauli Treaty signed by Nepal and British India in 1816 after the end of the war, locates the Mahakali River as Nepal's western boundary with India. The river flows in a gorge section in the upper region. The Mahakali after it descends into the plains into India is known as Sharda, which meets the Ghaghra (Karnali in Nepal) in Indian Territory at about 323.5 km from the existing Upper Sharda Barrage at Banbasa.
Mahakali flows for a length of 223 km length in Nepal and 323.5 km in India up to its confluence with Ghaghra river.
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