History
The present-day Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is the descendant of several institutions modeled after the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. The Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, also known in Italian as Scuola Normale (English: Normal School), is a higher learning institution in Italy. It was founded in 1810, by Napoleonic decree, as a branch of the École Normale Supérieure of Paris. Since its foundation it has operated a highly selective student admission procedure, and its main goal was, during that period, essentially to form the best college.
- Preamble of the Statute of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
The school, whose organs, in the context of the Pisa university reality, are rooted in the Collegio Medico-Giuridico already attached to the Scuola Normale Superiore and the Collegio ‘Antonio Pacinotti', and was formally established by the Law of 14 February 1987 No.41, which marked the unification of the Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento, the of Law of 7 March 1967 No. 117, and the Conservatorio di Sant’Anna, the Royal Decree of 13 February 1908 No. LXXVIII.
- The origins of Sant’Anna : a continuity through the centuries
- Sant'Anna Church and Convent
The present-day site is acquired from a very ancient religious educational establishment. The Sant'Anna Church and Convent was established in 1406, while the church was finished in 1426, by the Order of the Benedictine Nuns.
- Conservatorio di Sant'Anna
In 1785 was instituted the Conservatorio di Sant'Anna by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany - Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, as a consequence of abolition of the religious orders due to Leopold's reforms the convent was suppressed in 1786 and continued to exist as a Conservatorio di Sant'Anna, an educational institution later under the tutelage of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Italy and the Italian Republic.
- Law of 14 February 1987 No.41 establishing Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna
Sant'Anna replaced Antonio Pacinotti in 1987, when the School gained its current headquarters. In 1987 the Benedictine Nuns dedicated the Sant'Anna Church and Convent to the Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento (previously the famous Collegio Medico-Giuridico of Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa), provided that the School caries the name of Sant'Anna.
- The origins of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies within Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
The Scuola Normale Superiore was founded in 1810 by Napoleonic decree, as twin institution of the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, itself dating back to the French Revolution jurisdiction. The term “École Normale” (“Scuola Normale”) was coined by Joseph Lakanal who, in submitting a report to the National Convention of 1794 on behalf of the Committee of Public Instruction, explained it as follows: “Normales : du latin norma, règle. Ces écoles doivent être en effet le type et la règle de toutes les autres”.
- The Decree of Foundation
Napoleon I rethought the project of an École Normale in 1808, by establishing a “Normale” hall of residence in Paris, to house young students and train them in the art of teaching the humanities and sciences. The project was replicated in Tuscany by a decree dated 18 October 1810, with the foundation in Pisa, seat of one of the Imperial University Academies, of a branch of the École Normale Supérieure of Paris, called the Scuola Normale Superiore.
- The Grand-Duchy Period: 1847-1859
On 28 November 1846, a grand-ducal motu proprio founded a Tuscan Scuola Normale in Pisa (also referred to as the Imperial Royal Scuola Normale, since it was linked to the Austrian system), with both theoretical and practical aims, under the patronage of the Order of Saint Stephen, but depending on the University of Pisa.
- The Scuola Normale during the Kingdom of Italy: 1859-1862
On 17 October 1862 the Minister of Education of the Kingdom of Italy Carlo Matteucci implemented new regulations in a decree that transformed the institution to the famous "Normal School of the Kingdom of Italy". There was to be an organic division into two Faculties, of Arts and Sciences.
- The Scuola Normale under Gentile: 1928-1943
The philosopher Giovanni Gentile, was placed at the head of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa as commissioner in 1928 and as director in 1932. He reformed the Scuola, gave it formal autonomy and sought an expansion to other disciplines, with the creation of the Collegio Mussolini per le Scienze Corporative (1931) and the Collegio Nazionale Medico (1932). The new colleges were later merged in the Collegio Medico-Giuridico, which continued to operate (in the fields of Law and Medicine) under the jurisdiction of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
- Post-war Period
Scuola Normale Superiore in 1951, established the Antonio Pacinotti boarding school i.e. Collegio ‘Antonio Pacinotti', reserved to students of the faculties of Agriculture, Economics and Engineering, with plans to be further opened to other faculties as well.
- The origins of present day structure of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
The present structure of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies was established in 1967 as Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento, by a merger of the Collegio ‘Antonio Pacinotti' (Scuola per le Scienze Applicate A. Pacinotti, founded in 1951) and the Collegio Medico-Giuridico of Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
The new institution, while still committed to the model established by the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and was administered by the University of Pisa.
- Establishing of the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies: the Law of 14 February 1987 No.41 - Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna
Sant'Anna replaced Antonio Pacinotti in 1987, when the School gained its current headquarters.
In 1987 Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies acquired complete independence (Law of 14 February 1987, No.41) and maintains strong ties with both the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and the University of Pisa creating the Pisa University System.
- The present-day Structure
Nowadays, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and the University of Pisa create the mighty Pisa University System.
To Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies has been given separate university status by the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (Italy) and together with Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa is leading the model of "Scuole di Eccellenza" or "Schools of Excellence" i.e. Superior Graduate School in Italy (Grandes écoles)
Present day President of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is Giuliano Amato (twice Prime Minister of Italy and couple of times Minister in numerous Italian Governments).
Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies is part of the European University Association (EUA).
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