Notes
- ^1 Of these 55 EMS aircraft accidents, 41 were helicopter EMS accidents, 16 of which were fatal, resulting in a total of 39 fatalities and 13 serious injuries; 14 were airplane EMS accidents, 5 of which were fatal, resulting in 15 fatalities and 6 serious injuries. Since the initiation of this special investigation in January 2005, 9 additional EMS aircraft accidents have occurred, resulting in 8 fatalities.
- ^2 Comprehensive activity data regarding EMS operations (for example, exposure rates and missions flown) are limited because the sources for these data are generally poor. On May 12, 2005, the Safety Board issued Safety Recommendations A-05-11 through -13 to the Federal Aviation Administration to address the integrity of general aviation flight activity data. Information about these safety recommendations can be found at the Board’s Web site at .
- ^3 "Improving Safety in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Operations," Helicopter Association International (Alexandria, VA: August 2005).
- ^4 Ira J. Blumen, "A Safety Review and Risk Assessment in Air Medical Transport," Supplement to the Air Medical Physician Handbook, (November 2002): 35.
- ^5 National Transportation Safety Board, Commercial Emergency Medical Service Helicopter Operations, Safety Study NTSB/SS-88-01 (Washington, DC: NTSB, 1988).
- ^6 On November 19, 1990, the FAA issued AC 135-15, "Emergency Medical Services/Airplane," which contained guidance information similar to AC 135-14A. However, the recommendations from the 1988 study focused on EMS helicopter operations, so the closure of these recommendations was based on the issuance of AC 135-14A.
- ^7 Ira J. Blumen, MD, and the UCAN Safety Committee, "A Safety Review and Risk Assessment in Air Medical Transport." Supplement to the Air Medical Physician Handbook, (November 2002): 2.
- ^8 "Improving Safety in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Operations," Helicopter Association International (Alexandria, VA: August 2005). The Safety Board has reviewed this white paper and determined that this special investigation report further amplifies many of the issues mentioned in the white paper.
Read more about this topic: Safety Of Emergency Medical Services Flights
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