Rules
The rules concerning the scoring of runs are mostly contained in Law 18 of the Laws of cricket. The simplest way for a batsman to score a run is by the striker hitting the ball such that both batsmen can run from one end of the pitch to the other without either batsman getting out: the batsmen effectively exchanging positions, so the striking batsman becomes the non-striker, and vice versa. The batsmen may be able to run up and down the pitch more than once, crossing each time, to score two, three or more runs. A batsman can also score four or six runs by hitting the ball to or over the boundary (four if it strikes the ground before the boundary; six if it crosses the boundary in the air without striking the ground), and may be awarded five penalty runs in certain situations. A batsman is never compelled to run (cricket has no equivalent of baseball's force out).
Thus, according to Law 18, a run is scored when:
- the batsmen, or their runner, at any time while the ball is in play, have crossed and made good their ground from end to end;
- a boundary is scored;
- penalty runs are awarded;
- "lost ball" is called.
Runs are added to the team score, but not the score of an individual batsman, for extras (no balls, wides, byes and leg byes).
Read more about this topic: Run (cricket)
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—Jacob Bronowski (1908–1974)