Road - Terminology

Terminology

• Alignment — the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves.
• Adverse camber — where a road slopes towards the outside of a bend, increasing the likelihood that vehicles travelling at speed will skid or topple. Usually only a temporary situation during road maintenance.
• All-weather road — Unpaved road that is constructed of a material that does not create mud during rainfall.
• Banked turn
• Camber or Crown — the slope of the road surface downwards away from the centre of the road, so that surface water can flow freely to the edge of the carriageway, or on bends angling of the surface to lean traffic 'into the bend' reducing the chance of a skid.
• Cant — superelevation
• Cross slope The slope of the pavement, expressed as units of rise per unit of run, or as a percentage.
• Grade — longitudinal slope
• Belisha Beacon — an orange globe, lit at night, used to highlight a pedestrian crossing.
• Bollard — Rigid posts that can be arranged in a line to close a road or path to vehicles above a certain width
• Byway — Highway over which the public have a right to travel for vehicular and other kinds of traffic, but is used mainly as a footpath or bridleway
• Bypass Road that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area, town, or village
• Bottleneck — Section of a road with a carrying capacity substantially below that of other sections of the same road
• Botts' dots — Non-reflective raised pavement marker used on roads
• Cat's eye — reflective raised pavement marker used on roads
• Central reservation — On dual carriageway roads, including controlled-access highways, divided highways and many limited-access roads, the central reservation (British English), median (North American English), median strip (North American English and Australian English), neutral ground or central nature strip (Australian English) — Area that separates opposing lanes of traffic
• Chicane — Sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape curve or a bus stop)
• Chipseal — Road surface composed of a thin layer of crushed stone 'chips' and asphalt emulsion. It seals the surface and protects it from weather, but provides no structural strength. It is cheaper than asphalt concrete or concrete. In the United States it is usually only used on low volume rural roads
• Corniche — Road on the side of a cliff or mountain, with the ground rising on one side and falling away on the other
• Curb (kerb) — A raised edge at the side of the roadway.
• Curb extension — (also kerb extension, bulb-out, nib, elephant ear, curb bulge and blister) Traffic calming measure, intended to slow the speed of traffic and increase driver awareness, particularly in built-up and residential neighborhoods.
• Drainage gradient
• Farm-to-market road — a state road or county road that connects rural or agricultural areas to market towns.
• Fork — (literally "fork in the road") Type of intersection where a road splits
• Green lane — (UK) Unsurfaced road, may be so infrequently used that vegetation colonises freely, hence 'green'. Many green lanes are ancient routes that have existed for millennia.
• Guide rail — Prevents vehicles from veering off the road into oncoming traffic, crashing against solid objects or falling from a road. Also called a guard rail or traffic barrier.
• Gutter (UK) — a drainage channel usually at the edge of the road or along a median.
• Interstate Highway System (United States) — System of Interstate and Defense Highways
• Layby (Pullout, pull-off) — A paved area beside a main road where cars can stop temporarily to let another car pass.
• Loose chippings — the hazard of stone chippings that have come loose
• Median — On dual carriageway roads, including controlled-access highways, divided highways and many limited-access roads, the central reservation (British English), median (North American English), median strip (North American English and Australian English), neutral ground or central nature strip (Australian English) — Area that separates opposing lanes of traffic
• Mountain pass — A relatively low level route through a range of mountains
• Milestone — One of a series of numbered markers placed along a road, often at regular intervals, showing the distance to destinations.
• National Highway — Road built and maintained by a national authority.
• Pavement — The road regarded as a geoconstruction. In the UK the term is road surface and the pavement is a pedestrian walkway alongside the road.
• Pedestrian crossing — Designated point on a road where road marking or other means helps pedestrians cross safely
• Pelican crossing — (officially Pelicon crossing) (UK) a PEdestrian LIght CONtrolled crossing.
• Private highway — Highway owned and operated for profit by private industry
• Private road — Road owned and maintained by a private individual, organization, or company rather than by a government
• Profile — the vertical alignment of a road, expressed as a series of grades, connected by parabolic curves.
• Public space — Place where anyone has a right to come without being excluded because of economic or social conditions
• Ranch road — U.S. road that connects rural and agricultural areas to market towns
• Road number — Often assigned to identify a stretch of public roads— often dependent on the type of road, with numbers differentiating between interstates, motorways, arterial thoroughfares, etc.
• Road-traffic safety — Process to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and property damage) that result from vehicle crashes on public roads
• Roadworks — Part or all of the road is occupied for work or maintenance
• Roughness — Deviations from a true planar pavement surface, which affects vehicle suspension deflection, dynamic loading, ride quality, surface drainage and winter operations. Roughness have wavelengths ranging from 500 mm up to some 40 m. The upper limit may be as high as 350 m when considering motion sickness aspects; motion sickness is generated by motion with down to 0.1 Hz frequency; in an ambulance car driving 35 m/s (126 km/h), waves with up to 350 m will excite motion sickness.
• Roundabout (UK) a road junction where typically three or more roads are joined by a circular section of road. Traffic 'on the roundabout' has priority over traffic on approach roads, unless indicated otherwise. In countries where traffic drives on the left the roundabout is travelled in a clockwise direction. Also known as an island in parts of the UK.
• Shoulder (also hard shoulder) — A clear, level area to the side of the roadway available for stopping if needed.
• State highway — Road numbered by the state, falling below numbered national highways (like U.S. Routes) in the hierarchy or a road maintained by the state, including nationally-numbered highways
• Traffic — Pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, bicycles, and other conveyances using any road for purposes of travel.
• Texture (roads) — Deviations from a true planar pavement surface, which affects the interaction between road and tire. Microtexture have wavelengths below 0.5 mm, Macrotexture below 50 mm and Megatexture below 500 mm.
• Traffic calming — Set of strategies used by urban planners and traffic engineers to slow down or reduce motor vehicle traffic, thereby improving safety for pedestrians and bicyclists and improving the environment for residents
• Traffic island — (UK) a small raised area used to help define the traffic flow, which may also act as a refuge for pedestrians crossing the carriageway or a location for signs, barriers or lights—a synonym for roundabout in some parts of the UK
• Traffic light — Also known as a traffic signal, stop light, stop-and-go lights—a signaling device at a road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location that assigns right of way to different approaches to an intersection
• Zebra crossing (UK) — a pedestrian crossing marked by black and white stripes on the carriageway