In mathematical finance, a risk-neutral measure, also called an equivalent martingale measure, is heavily used in the pricing of financial derivatives due to the fundamental theorem of asset pricing, which implies that in a complete market a derivative's price is the discounted expected value of the future payoff under the unique risk-neutral measure.
Read more about Risk-neutral Measure: Motivating The Use of Risk-neutral Measures, The Origin of The Risk-neutral Measure (Arrow Securities), Usage, Example 1 — Binomial Model of Stock Prices, Example 2 — Brownian Motion Model of Stock Prices
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“If the pulse of his people shall beat calmly under this experiment, another and another will be tried till the measure of despotism be filled up.”
—Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)