Categorization
The Rho family of GTPases belong to the superfamily named ‘Ras-like’ proteins, which consists of over 150 varieties in mammals. Rho proteins sometimes denote some members of the Rho family (RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC), and sometimes refers to all members of the family. This article is about the family as a whole.
In mammals, the Rho family contains 20 members. Almost all research involves the three most common members of the Rho family: Cdc42, Rac1 and RhoA.
| Rho family member | Action on actin filaments |
|---|---|
| Cdc42 | affects filopodia |
| Rac1 | affects lamellipodia |
| RhoA | affects stress fibres |
The current 20 members of the Rho family include RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, RhoD, Rif, Rnd1, Rnd2, Rnd3/RhoE, RhoH/TTF, Rac1, Rac2, Rac3, RhoG, Cdc42, TC10 (RhoQ), TCL (RhoJ), Wrch1 (RhoV), Chp/Wrch2 (RhoU), RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2.
| Subclass | Cytoskeletal effect | Rho family members |
|---|---|---|
| Cdc42 subclass | filopodia | Cdc42 |
| RhoQ (TC10) | ||
| RhoJ (TCL) | ||
| RhoUV subclass | filopodia and lamellipodia | RhoU (Wrch) |
| RhoV (Chp) | ||
| Rac | lamellipodia | Rac1 |
| Rac2 | ||
| Rac3 | ||
| RhoG | ||
| RhoBTB | protein stability | RhoBTB1 |
| RhoBTB2 | ||
| RhoBTB3 | ||
| RhoH | Rac agonist? | RhoH |
| Rho (subclass) | ↑stress fibres and ↑focal adhesions | RhoA |
| RhoB | ||
| RhoC | ||
| Rnd | ↓stress fibres and ↓focal adhesions | Rnd1 |
| Rnd2 | ||
| Rnd3 (RhoE) | ||
| RhoF | Vesicle transport, filopodia | RhoD |
| RhoF (Rif) |
Read more about this topic: Rho Family Of GTPases