In arithmetic, the remainder (or residue) is the amount "left over" after the division of two integers which cannot be expressed with an integer quotient.
The general form of a linear equation can be expressed as a = q × d + r. In this equation, q can be referred to as the quotient and d as the divisor, while r as the remainder. The equation can be transformed to find the remainder as: r = a - q × d. However, a and d must be natural numbers, with d being non-zero. The quotient is the integer result (rounded down) of the division of a by d. The remainder must also be an integer.
Read more about Remainder: The Remainder For Natural Numbers, The Case of General Integers, The Remainder For Real Numbers, The Inequality Satisfied By The Remainder, Quotient and Remainder in Programming Languages
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