Causes
Substances that may cause dependence or abuse can be classified based on their given effects on the brain and nervous system.
- Stimulants increase activity in the cerebral cortex leading to increased motor activity.
- Cocaine
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i.e.: Prozac)
- Amphetamines
- Methamphetamines
- Caffeine
- Depressants slow down neuronal activity.
- Benzodiazepines (i.e.: Xanax)
- Opioids activate or block opioid receptors in the brain typically to reduce the effect of pain. Some common opioids are:
- Morphine
- Methadone
- Opium
- Heroin
- Alcohol produces disinhibition in the nervous system, which depresses the frontal cortex while speeding up the rest of the brain. This can lead to a sense of risk, poor judgment, and other characteristics known to accompany what is commonly known as intoxication.
- Nicotine is neither a stimulant nor a depressant but rather a chemical that is absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes and activates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
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