Social Sciences and Humanities
- Norm of reciprocity, social norm of in-kind responses to the behavior of others
- Reciprocity (cultural anthropology), way of defining people's informal exchange of goods and labour
- Reciprocity (evolution), mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation
- Reciprocity (international relations), principle that favours, benefits, or penalties that are granted by one state to the citizens or legal entities of another, should be returned in kind
- Reciprocity (social and political philosophy), concept of reciprocity as in-kind positive or negative responses for the actions of others
- Reciprocity (social psychology), in-kind positively or negatively connotated responses of individuals towards the actions of others
- Ethic of reciprocity (the Golden Rule), one should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself
- Serial reciprocity, where the benefactor of a gift or service will in turn provide benefits to a third party
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