Portuguese Irregular Forces in The Overseas War - Portuguese Angola

Portuguese Angola

  • Organização Provincial de Voluntários de Defesa Civil de Angola (Provincial Organization of Volunteers of Civil Defence of Angola) - mainly urban militia, consisting mainly of white settlers.
  • Guarda Rural (Rural Guard) - auxiliary force of Public Security Police, dedicated to the defense of companies and farms.
  • Formações Aéreas Voluntárias (Volunteer Aerial Formations) - aerial militia.
  • Grupos Especiais (Special Groups) - auxiliary units formed in 1966, composed of African volunteers, which operated together with units of the Portuguese Army.
  • Tropas Especiais - (Special Troops) - the name of the Special Groups in Cabinda.
  • Fiéis (Faithfuls) - force composed of military and police from Katanga, exiled for opposing the regime of Mobutu; these men fled to Angola with their families in a total of nearly 5,000 people. The Portuguese Army selected 2,000 of these exiles and organized them on 3 Battalions of 5 companies each, with these three battalions placed in Chimbila, Camissombo and Gafaria; they had their own Katangan officers and sergeants.
  • Leais (Loyals) - a force composed by exiles from Zambia, black soldiers that were against Kenneth Kaunda.
  • Flechas (Arrows) - a very successful unit, controlled by the PIDE/DGS, composed by Bushmen, that specialized in tracking, reconnaissance and pseudo-terrorist operations.

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