Classification
Porcupines are distributed into two evolutionary independent groups of the order Rodentia, suborder Hystricomorpha.
- Infraorder Hystricognathi
- Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines
- African Brush-tailed Porcupine, Atherurus africanus
- Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine, Atherurus macrourus
- Crested Porcupine, Hystrix cristata
- Cape Porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis
- Indian Porcupine, Hystrix indicus
- Malayan Porcupine, Hystrix brachyura
- Himalayan Porcupine, Hystrix (brachyura) hodgsoni
- Sunda Porcupine, Hystrix javanica
- Sumatran Porcupine, Hystrix (Thecurus) sumatrae
- Bornean Porcupine, Hystric (Thecurus) crassispinis
- Philippine Porcupine, Hystrix (Thecurus) pumilis
- Long-tailed Porcupine, Trichys fasciculata
- Parvorder Phiomorpha sensu stricto
- Family Thryonomyidae: cane rats
- Family Petromuridae: Dassie rats
- Family Bathyergidae: African mole-rats
- Parvorder Caviomorpha
- Superfamily Erethizontoidea
- Family Erethizontidae: New World porcupines
- Brazilian Porcupine, Coendou prehensilis
- Bicolor-spined Porcupine, Coendou bicolor
- Andean Porcupine, Coendou quichua
- Black Dwarf (Koopman's) Porcupine, Coendou nycthemera (koopmani)
- Rothschild's Porcupine, Coendou rothschildi
- Santa Marta Porcupine, Coendou sanctemartae
- Mexican Tree Porcupine, Sphiggurus mexicanus
- South American Tree Porcupine, Sphiggurus spinosus
- Bahia Hairy Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus insidiosus
- Brown Hairy Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus vestitus
- Orange-spined Hairy Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus villosus
- Streaked Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus ichillus
- Black-tailed Hairy Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus melanurus
- Roosmalen's Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus roosmalenorum
- Frosted Hairy Dwarf Porcupine, Sphiggurus pruinosus
- North American Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum
- Stump-tailed Porcupine, Echinoprocta rufescens
- Bristle-spined Porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus (sometimes considered an echimyid)
- Family Erethizontidae: New World porcupines
- Superfamily Cavioidea
- Family Hydrochaeridae: capybara
- Family Caviidae: Guinea-pigs
- Family Dasyproctidae: agoutis and acouchis
- Superfamily Octodontoidea
- Family Abrocomidae: chinchilla-rats
- Family Octodontidae: degus
- Family Ctenomyidae: tuco-tucos
- Family Echimyidae: spiny rats
- Family Myocastoridae: nutrias
- Family Capromyidae: hutias
- Superfamily Chinchilloidea
- Family Chinchillidae: chinchillas and allies
- Family Dinomyidae: pacaranas
- Superfamily Erethizontoidea
- Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines
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