Pontifex Maximus - Tradition of Sovereign As High Priest

Tradition of Sovereign As High Priest

The practice of religious and secular authority united in the sovereign has a long history. In ancient Athens, the Archon basileus was the principal religious dignitary of the state; according to legend, and as indicated in his title of "Basileus" (meaning "king"), he was supposed to inherit the religious functions of the king of Athens in earlier times.

Eastern traditions, from the ancient Egyptian to the Japanese, carried the concept even further, according their sovereigns demigod status.

With the adoption of Christianity, the Roman emperors took it on themselves to issue decrees on matters regarding the Christian Church. Unlike the Pontifex Maximus, they did not themselves function as priests, but they acted practically as head of the official religion, a tradition that continued with the Byzantine Emperors. In line with the theory of Moscow as the Third Rome, the Russian Tsars exercised supreme authority over the Russian Orthodox Church.

With the English Reformation, the sovereign of England became Supreme Governor of the Church of England and insisted on being recognised as such. Much the same occurred in other countries affected by the Protestant Reformation.

Even in countries where there was no formal break with the Holy See, various sovereigns assumed similar authority. An example is Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, whose ecclesiastical policy is described in the Catholic Encyclopedia article on him.

A secular equivalent of the ruler as head of religion is that of the philosopher king, based on a notion in Plato's Republic.

Read more about this topic:  Pontifex Maximus

Famous quotes containing the words tradition of, tradition, sovereign, high and/or priest:

    Barnard’s greatest war service ... was the continuance of full-scale instruction in the liberal arts ... It was Barnard’s responsibility to keep alive in the minds of young people the great liberal tradition of the past and the study of philosophy, of history, of Greek.
    Virginia Crocheron Gildersleeve (1877–1965)

    It is characteristic of the epistemological tradition to present us with partial scenarios and then to demand whole or categorical answers as it were.
    Avrum Stroll (b. 1921)

    The best way of learning to be an independent sovereign state is to be an independent sovereign state.
    Kwame Nkrumah (1900–1972)

    She stood breast high amid the corn,
    Clasp’d by the golden light of morn,
    Thomas Hood (1799–1845)

    “And because I am happy, & dance & sing,
    They think they have done me no injury,
    And are gone to praise God & his Priest & King,
    Who make up a heaven of our misery.”
    William Blake (1757–1827)