Political History of Eastern Africa - European Colonization

European Colonization

• 3 February 1803: Isle de France and Réunion are parts of the colony of French East India, until 2 September 1810. Séchelles are also nominally part of it, despite the British occupation.
• 15 August 1806: Réunion Island is renamed Bonaparte Island.
• 4 August 1809: The United Kingdom occupies Rodrigues.
• 1810: Isandra and Lalangina are annexed to Ambohimanga. First mention of the Kingdom of Buzinja, in Tanzania.
• 17 May 1810: Séchelles are annexed by the United Kingdom, under the name Seychelles, as a colony subordinated to Mauritius, confirmed 30 May 1814 by the Treaty of Paris.
• 9 July 1810: Bonaparte Island is occupied by the United Kingdom.
• 7 August 1810: Bonaparte Island is renamed Bourbon Island.
• 3 December 1810: Isle de France is ceded to the United Kingdom, and becomes the colony of Mauritius. This possession is confirmed 30 May 1814 by the Treaty of Paris.
• December 1813: northern Ethiopia (modern day northern Eritrea) is occupied by Egypt until 1826.
• 30 May 1814: Rodrigues is annexed by the United Kingdom as a dependency of Mauritius.
• 1815: Foundation of the Kingdom of Jere, in Malawi. Fist mention of the Kingdom of Shambalai, in Tanzania.
• April 1815: Bourbon Island is ceded back to France.
• 23 October 1817: The Kingdom of Ambohimanga becomes the Kingdom of Madagascar. Betsimisaraka becomes later its vassal.
• c. 1818: First mention of the Kingdom of Buima, in Uganda.
• 15 October 1818: Sainte-Marie de Madagascar is a dependence of Bourbon Islande, then of Mayotte from 2 March 1843.
• c. 1820: Foundation of the Kingdom of Mhari, in Zimbabwe.
• 1820: First mention of the Kingdom of Karagwe, in Tanzania.
• 1821: The Kingdom of Ndebele proclaims independence from the Kingdom of Zulu, installing themselves in Zimbabwe from November 1837.
• 1822: Foundation of the Kingdom of Tooro, in Uganda.
• 20 March 1822: Foundation of the Kingdom of Tanibe, in Madagascar.
• 9 February 1824: The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Mombasa.
• 1825: Foundation of the Kingdom of AmaGaza, in Mozambique.
• 25 July 1826: Oman puts an end to the secession of Mombasa.
• 1828: Betsimisaraka and Tanibe are annexed to Madagascar.
• 1830: The Sultanate of Mwali (Mohéli) splits from the Sultanate of Ndzuwani (Anjouan), created by migrants from Madagascar.
• 1832: Boina is occupied by Madagascar.
• 1833: Maore (Mayotte) is annexed by Mohéli.
• 1834: Menabe is annexed to Madagascar.
• 19 November 1835: Maore is annexed from Mohéli by Anjouan.
• 1836: Maore proclaims independence from Anjouan.
• March 1836: The colony of Moçambique, Zambesi and Sofala is now known as Moçambique, also called Portuguese East Africa.
• 24 June 1837: Mombasa is annexed to Zanzibar.
• 1839: The Kingdom of Shewa proclaims independence from Ethiopia.
• 1840s: Foundation of the Kingdom of Nandi, in Kenya. First mention of the Sultanate of Geledi, in Somalia.
• 1840: Boina is annexed to Madagascar.
• 14 July 1840: Foundation of the French colony of Nossi-Bé, in Madagascar, a dependence of Bourbon Island, then of Mayotte from 25 March 1843.
• 25 March 1841: France establishes a protectorate over Maore under the name Mayotte as a dependency of Île Bourbon, officially from 13 June 1843, and abolishes the monarchy.
• 1842: Zanzibar annexes Kilwa Kisiwani.
• 1843: Antakarana is under a French protectorate until 1891.
• 6 September 1848: Bourbon Island is renamed Réunion Island.
• c. 1850: First mention of the Kingdom of Ussuwi, in Tanzania.
• 1853: Sainte-Marie de Madagascar becomes a separate colony until 27 October 1876 when it becomes a dependency of Réunion, then of Diégo Suarez 4 May 1888.
• 1855: Reunification of Ethiopia after a century of decentralization during the Zemene Mesafint.
• 1856: Zanzibar annexes Tumbatu.
• 1857: The United Kingdom annexes Changamire, under the administration of the British South Africa Company.
• c. 1858: First mention of the Kingdom of Buhera, in Zimbabwe.
• 1858: France settles in Obock, in Djibouti. Foundation of the Sultanate of Witu, in Kenya.
• c. 1860: First mention of the Kingdoms of Bugabo, Bukwara, Nguluhe, Ubena and Unyanyembe in Tanzania.
• 6 April 1861: Zanzibar proclaims independence from Oman, annexes Pemba and abolishes its autonomy from c. 1865.
• 1865: Egypt invades northern Ethiopia, temporarily occupying parts of what is now northern Eritrea. The Kingdom of Bwina proclaims independence from Kimwani.
• 1866: Anjouan is annexed to Mayotte.
• 1867: First mention of the Kingdom of Bugando, in Tanzania.
• 1870s: Foundation of the Kingdom of Maasai, in Kenya, after the union of the clans.
• c. 1870: First mention of the Kingdom of Kitagwenda, in Uganda.
• 1870: Pate is annexed to Witu. First mention of the Kingdom of Wiziba, in Tanzania.
• 1871: Mogadisho is annexed to Zanzibar. The Kingdom of Unyamwezi proclaims independence from Unyanyembe.
• 1873: Monarchy is abolished in Hadimu.
• c. 1875: First mention of the Kingdom of Ihangiro, in Tanzania. First mention of the Kingdom of Buzimba, in Uganda.
• 11 October 1875: Harar is occupied by Egypt until 1884.
• 7 September 1877: Northern Somalia, then part of the Ottoman Empire, is annexed by Egypt under the name Egyptian Somaliland.
• 1878: Nossi-Bé becomes a separate colony. The Sultanate of Hobyo proclaims independence from Majerteen.
• 1879: Asmara, in Eritrea, is recaptured by Ethiopia.
• 1882: The kingdoms of Leqa Qellam and Gera are annexed to the Ethiopian vassal kingdom of Shewa in Ethiopia.
• 5 July 1882: Asseb, part of the vassal Ethiopian Afar sultanate (in modern Eritrea), is conquered by Italy.
• 1883: Bosha is annexed to Ethiopia.