Political History of Eastern Africa - Era of Colonies and Protectorates

Era of Colonies and Protectorates

• 1884: First mention of the Kingdom of Kooki, in Uganda.
• February 1884: The United Kingdom annexes the Egyptian Somaliland.
• 24 June 1884: Foundation of the French Protectorate of Obock, recognized by the United Kingdom 8 February 1888.
• August 1884: Burundi and Rwanda become German protectorates.
• 17 February 1885: The Sultanate of Zanzibar is under a German protectorate, a part of it is ceded to the German East African Company and will be known under the name German East Africa from 27 May 1885,
• 27 May 1885: The Kingdom of Witu, in Kenya is under a German protectorate under the name of Wituland, not recognized by the United Kingdom.
• 1886: Grande Comore, in the Comoros, is united under the sultan of Bambao. Goma is annexed to Ethiopia. Diégo Suarez, in Madagascer, becomes a French colony. First mention of the Kingdom of Kome, in Tanzania.
• 21 April 1886: Anjouan becomes a French protectorate.
• 26 April 1886: Mohéli becomes a French protectorate.
• 24 June 1886: Grande Comore becomes a French protectorate.
• 26 January 1887: Harar is annexed to Shewa.
• 25 May 1887: The Sultanate of Zanzibar cedes Mombasa to the British East Africa Association.
• 20 July 1887: Egyptian Somaliland becomes a protectorate under the name British Somaliland, subordinated to the colony of Aden until 1905.
• 5 September 1887: Anjouan, Grande Comore and Mohéli are united under the name Protectorate of the Comoros.
• 1888: Maasai, Nandi and Wanga are annexed to the territory of the British East Africa Association, but the monarchies remains. First mention of the Kingdom of Kyamutwara, in Tanzania.
• 11 February 1888: Ndebele becomes a British protectorate as Matabeleland, under the administration of the British South Africa Company.
• 3 September 1888: The territory of the becomes the colony of East Africa, under the Imperial British East Africa Company.
• December 1888: Hobyo become an Italian protectorate.
• 9 December 1888: Foundation of the Italian Protectorate of Assab.
• 1889: The kingdoms of Dawaro, Konta are annexed to Ethiopia and Shewa ceases to exist as a vassal kingdom of Ethiopia as its ruler becomes Emperor of all of Ethiopia. Bulozi becomes a British protectorate under the name Barotseland.
• 7 April 1889: Majerteen becomes an Italian protectorate.
• 2 May 1889: The Treaty of Uccialli is signed. The Ethiopian version states that Ethiopia may conduct foreign relations through Italy, while the Italian version states that Ethiopia is Italy's protectorate, later resulting in the First Italo-Abyssinian War.
• 3 August 1889: Italy establishes a protectorate over Benadir Coast, in Somalia.
• 21 September 1889: The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Jere, Malawi, Maseko and Nkamanga, under the name Shiré River.
• 29 October 1889: The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over the Kingdoms of Bocha, Buhera, Govera, Maungwe, Mbire, Mhari, Nhowe and Shavasha under the name Mashonaland, administered by the British South Africa Company.
• c. 1890: First mention of the Kingdom of Kiyanja, in Tanzania.
• 1 January 1890: The Protectorate of Assab becomes the colony of Eritrea.
• 18 June 1890: The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Witu, Germany renounces his claims 1 July 1890.
• 1 July 1890: Burundi and Rwanda are parts of the German East Africa. The Burundian king is forced to recognize German authority 24 May 1903. The United Kingdom declares a protectorate over Buganda and occupies it under the British East Africa Company from 18 December.
• 7 November 1890: Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate.
• 1891: Limu-Innarya is annexed to Ethiopia.
• 1 January 1891: German East Africa becomes a colony.
• 15 May 1891: Shiré River is now known as Nyasaland Districts.
• 1892: The German Empire sends expeditions to Rwanda. Mogadisho is under an Italian protectorate.
• 6 January 1892: The sultanates of Bajini, Hamahame, Hamamvu, Hambu, Itsandra, La Dombe, Mbaku, Mbude, Mitsamihuli and Washili, in Grande Comore, are suppressed by France. The Sultanate of Grande Comore is suppressed 19 September 1893.
• 23 February 1893: Nyasaland Districts is now known as British Central Africa, under the administration of the British South Africa Company.
• 1894: Yengar is annexed to Ethiopia.
• 23 January 1894: Foundation of the North Zambesia protectorate by the union of Barotseland and the new protectorate of Bemba. Foundation of the South Zambesia protectorate by the union of the protectorates of Mashonaland and Matabeleland.
• 11 April 1894: The British protectorate over Buganda is effective, and extended to Ankole, Bunyoro-Kitara and Tooro on 30 June 1896.
• November 1894: Walayta is annexed to Ethiopia.
• 1895: Antakarana is annexed to Madagascar. First mention of the Kingdom of Bukerewe, in Tanzania.
• 3 May 1895: Foundation of the British protectorate of Rhodesia by the union of North Zambesia and South Zambesia, under the administration of the British South Africa Company.
• 1 July 1895: The British colony of East Africa is expanded from territories of Zanzibar and becomes the British East Africa Protectorate.
• c. 1896: First mention of the Kingdom of Butundwe, in Tanzania.
• 1896: A German military station is established at Kajaga, in Burundi, rendering effective the control of the region. The German Empire creates the military districts of Tanganyika-Kivu (comprising Rwanda) and Ujiji (comprising Burundi) inside the German East Africa. The next year the station is relocated to Usumbura.
• 28 January 1896: Sainte-Marie de Madagascar is annexed to Madagascar.
• 1 March 1896: Ethiopian victory over Italians at Battle of Adowa during the First Italo-Abyssinian war ensures its independence.
• 30 March 1896: Mayotte is a dependency of Madagascar.
• 20 May 1896: The Protectorate of Obock becomes French Somaliland.
• 30 June 1896: Ankole, Bunyoro-Kitiara and Tooro become British protectorates.
• 6 August 1896: Diégo Suarez and Nossi-Bé are annexed to Madagascar, whose statute is now a French protectorate.
• 26 October 1896: Italy cease to claim a protectorate over Ethiopia.
• 14 November 1896: Kooki is annexed to Buganda.
• 28 February 1897: Madagascar becomes a colony.
• 20 July 1897: Monarchy is abolished in AmaGaza, after attempts beginning from 28 December 1895.
• 10 September 1897: Kafa is annexed to Ethiopia.
• 1898: Sheka is annexed to Ethiopia.
• 19 July 1898: Foundation of the Sultanate of Uhehe by the union of the Kingdoms of Ilole, Lungemba, Nguluhe, Udongwe and Usangu.
• 1899: The military district of Usumbura, including Burundi and Rwanda, is created within the German East Africa. Kazembe becomes a British protectorate administered by the British South Africa Company.
• 20th century: The monarchy is abolished in Kitangonya and Nkamanga. The Kingdom of Ruhangeri is annexed to Rwanda.
• 29 January 1900: Rhodesia is divided into two autonomous entities: Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.
• 1901: The Kingdom of Nyamutureza proclaims independence from Buzinja.
• 25 October 1901: Buhweju, Bunyaruguru, Buzimba, Igara, Kitagwenda, Kajara, Nshenyi, Obwera, Rujumbura and Rukiga are annexed to Ankole.
• 1902: Guma is annexed to Ethiopia. The monarchy is abolished in Karanga.
• 31 August 1903: Seychelles are a crown colony of the United Kingdom.
• 1904: Kazembe is annexed to North Rhodesia.
• 1905: Monarchy is abolished in Nandi.
• 16 March 1905: Benadir Coast and Mogadisho become a colony under the name Italian Somaliland, a crown colony from July 1910.
• 1 April 1905: Uganda becomes a colony.
• 1906: Burundi becomes a military residency of the German Empire.
• July 1906: Foundation of the Kingdom of Busoga from the union of the Kingdoms of Bugabula, Bugweri Bufutulu, Buima, Bukono, Bukooli, Bukwanga Kiki, Bulamogi, Bunha, Busiki, Buzaaya, Buzimba-Busoga, Kigulu and Luuka.
• 1907: Bukome is annexed to Ussuwi.
• 6 July 1907: British Central Africa is now known as Nyasaland.
• 15 November 1907: The military residency of Burundi is split between the civil residencies of Ruanda and Urundi.
• 9 April 1908: Comoros is a dependency of Madagascar.
• 3 September 1908: Geledi is annexed to Italian Somaliland.
• 1910: The monarch is abolished in Angoshe and Sankul.
• 25 July 1912: Comoros is annexed to Mayotte. In the same time the sultanates of Anjouan and Mohéli are abolished.