Platonov or Platonaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Andrei Platonov (1899–1951), pen name of Andrei Platonovich Klimentov, Russian writer of the Soviet period
- Dzmitry Platonaw (born 1986), Belarusian footballer
- Igor Platonov (1934–1995), Ukrainian-Soviet chess grandmaster
- Oleg Platonov Russian writer
- Viacheslav Platonov (1939–2005), Russian volleyball player and coach
- Pavel Platonaw (born 1986), Belarusian footballer
- Sergey Platonov (1860–1933), Russian historian who led the official St Petersburg school of imperial historiography
- Yuriy Mihailovich Platonov, mayor of Rybnitsa, Transnistria
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