Types of Phrases That Show Pied-piping With Inversion
Pied-piping with inversion is most often found in noun phrases (NP), prepositional phrases (PP), and quantifier phrases (QP). The following example, also from San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec, shows pied-piping with inversion in a quantifier phrase (Broadwell 2001):
- 5a) ¿ ù-dàw Juààny?
- what two com-eat Juan
- ‘What did Juan eat two of?
- 5b) ¿ ù-dàw Juààny?
- two what com-eat Juan
- ‘What did Juan eat two of?’
As this example shows, languages may differ in the degree to which pied-piping with inversion is obligatory in different types of phrases. So (2) above shows that the interrogative must be initial in a pied-piped noun phrase. But (5) shows that the interrogative is only optionally initial in a pied-piped quantifier phrase.
The following example, from Quiegolani Zapotec (Black 2000) shows pied-piping with inversion in a prepositional phrase:
- 6a) n-dux xnaa noo?
- who to stat-angry mother 1ex
- ‘With whom was my mother angry?’
- 6b) * n-dux xnaa noo?
- to who stat-angry mother 1ex
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