Synthesis of Phenols
Several laboratory methods for the synthesis of phenols:
- by an ester rearrangement in the Fries rearrangement
- by a rearrangement of N-phenylhydroxylamines in the Bamberger rearrangement
- by hydrolysis of phenolic esters or ethers
- by reduction of quinones
- by replacement of an aromatic amine by an hydroxyl group with water and sodium bisulfide in the Bucherer reaction
- by hydrolysis of diazonium salts
- by oligomerisation with formaldehyde + base catalysed reaction with epichlorohydrin to epoxi resin components
- by reaction with acetone/ketones to e.g. Bisphenol A, an important monomer for resins, e.g. polycarbonate (PC), epoxi resins
- by a rearrangement reaction of dienones in the dienone phenol rearrangement :
- by the oxidation of aryl silanes—an aromatic variation of the Fleming-Tamao oxidation
- by the addition of benzene and propene in H3PO4 to form cumene then O2 is added with H2SO4 to form phenol (Hock Process)
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