The Non-Mainstream Cinema
The Parallel Cinema was always on the fringes of the mainstream cinema. Since most of the parallel cinema rejected the regressive worldview that was largely embodied the mainstream cinema they never found acceptance in the mainstream production, distribution and exhibition system. Thus some of the off beat films made by film makers like Basu Bhattacharya, Mani Kaul, M. S. Sathyu, Kumar Shahani, Kamal Swaroop, Saeed Akhtar Mirza, Jahnu Barua, K Hariharan, Girish Kasaravalli, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, G. Aravindan, John Abraham, Avtar Kaul, Ashok Ahuja and recently films by Sushant Mishra, Himanshu Khatua, Ashish Avikunthak, Murali Nair, Amitabh Chakraborty, Paresh Kamdar, Niranjan Thade, Priya Krishnaswamy, Ramchandra PN, Ashwini Mallik, Anand Subramanian, Sanjivan Lal, Amit Dutta, Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni, Gurvinder Singh, Bela Negi have never had a large audience. Another film away from mainstream that couldn't attract large audience is M. F. Husain's Gaja Gamini.
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“The cinema is not an art which films life: the cinema is something between art and life. Unlike painting and literature, the cinema both gives to life and takes from it, and I try to render this concept in my films. Literature and painting both exist as art from the very start; the cinema doesn’t.”
—Jean-Luc Godard (b. 1930)