Nyaya - Epistemology

Epistemology

Philosophy
  • Plato
  • Confucius
  • Avicenna
Philosophers
  • Aestheticians
  • Epistemologists
  • Ethicists
  • Logicians
  • Metaphysicians
  • Social and political philosophers
Traditions
  • Analytic
  • Continental
  • Eastern
  • Islamic
  • Platonic
  • Scholastic
Periods
  • Ancient
  • Medieval
  • Modern
  • Contemporary
Literature
  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
  • Ethics
  • Logic
  • Metaphysics
  • Political philosophy
Branches
  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
  • Ethics
  • Logic
  • Metaphysics
  • Social philosophy
  • Political philosophy
Lists
  • Index
  • Outline
  • Theories
  • Glossary
  • Philosophers
Portal

The Nyaya epistemology considers knowledge (jñāna) or cognition (buddhi) as apprehension (upalabdhi) or consciousness (anubhava). Knowledge may be valid or invalid. The Naiyayikas (the Nyaya scholars) accepted four valid means (pramaṇa) of obtaining valid knowledge (prama) - perception (pratyakṣa), inference (anumāna), comparison (upamāna) and verbal testimony (śabda). Invalid knowledge includes memory (smṛti), doubt (saṁśaya), error (viparyaya) and hypothetical reasoning (tarka).

Read more about this topic:  Nyaya