Health, Science, Technology and Mathematics
- NP (complexity), Nondeterministic Polynomial, a computational complexity class
- NP-complete, a class of decision problems
- NP-hard, a class of problems in computational complexity
- Co-NP, a complexity class
- Np, or Neper, a dimensionless unit
- Np, Power number, a dimensionless number
- Np, the chemical symbol for Neptunium
- Nasopharyngeal airway, an adjunct to airway management
- NP lemma, or Neyman–Pearson lemma
- NP or Norma Portuguesa, a Portuguese technical standard
- Nucleoside phosphorylase, an enzyme
- NP junction or PN junction, the simplest electronic device, used to make diodes and transistors
- Number Portability, the ability to retain one's phone number when changing telecommunication carriers (in Europe)
- Nurse practitioner, a registered nurse who has completed advanced nursing education
- New Proposal (or new work item proposal), a stage in standardization process used by International Organization for Standardization
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