Signs and Symptoms
Nephritic syndrome is characterized by;
- hematuria (blood in the urine), with red blood cell (RBC) casts present in the urine
- proteinuria (protein in the urine) - small amounts of protein are lost in the urine, but this is usually trivial (<3.5 g/day)
- hypertension (high blood pressure)- mild
- uremia - due to retention of waste products
and variable renal insufficiency, with;
- azotemia (elevated blood nitrogen)
- oliguria (low urine output <400 mL/day)
The main features are hypertension and RBC casts. The proteinuria in nephritic syndrome is not usually severe, but may occasionally be heavy enough to be in the range usually found in nephrotic syndrome.
Mnemonic: PHARAOH = Proteinuria, Hematuria, Azotemia, RBC casts, Anti-strep titres (if post-strep), Oliguria, Hypertension
Read more about this topic: Nephritic Syndrome
Famous quotes containing the words signs and/or symptoms:
“Surrealism is a bourgeois disaffection; that its militants thought it universal is only one of the signs that it is typically bourgeois.”
—Susan Sontag (b. 1933)
“A certain kind of rich man afflicted with the symptoms of moral dandyism sooner or later comes to the conclusion that it isn’t enough merely to make money. He feels obliged to hold views, to espouse causes and elect Presidents, to explain to a trembling world how and why the world went wrong. The spectacle is nearly always comic.”
—Lewis H. Lapham (b. 1935)