- Statius (45–96 AD), poet
- Pope Boniface V (died 625), pope
- Pope Urban VI (1318–1389), pope
- Joanna I of Naples (1328–1382), queen
- Pope Boniface IX (1356–1404), pope
- Giovanni Pontano (1426–1503), writer, diplomat, humanist, poet
- Alfonso II of Naples (1448–1495), king
- Jacopo Sannazaro (1458–1530), poet
- Pietro Summonte (1463–1526), poet, writer, humanist
- Cristoforo Majorana (15th century; most active 1480–94), painter
- Benvenida Abrabanel (died 1560), philanthropist, businesswoman
- Pirro Ligorio (1510–1583), architect
- Laura Terracina (1519–c. 1577), poet
- Giambattista Della Porta (1535–1615), alchemist, scientist, philosoper, writer, playwright
- Giovan Leonardo Primavera (c. 1540–1585), composer, poet
- Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), philosopher
- Luca Valerio (1552–1618), mathematician
- Giambattista Marino (1569–1625), poet
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), sculptor, painter, architect
- Salvator Rosa (1615–1673), poet, satirist, painter
- Francesco Antonio Picchiati (1619–1694), architect
- Masaniello (1622–1647), revolutionary
- Gennaro Annese (1604–1648), revolutionary
- Luca Giordano (1634–1705), painter
- Ludovico Sabbatini (1650–1724), religious teacher, priest
- Giambattista Vico (1668–1744), philosopher
- Ferdinando Sanfelice (1675–1748), painter
- Domenico Antonio Vaccaro (1678–1745) architect, painter
- Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757), composer
- Nicola Porpora (1686–1768), composer
- Alphonsus Liguori, (1696–1787), saint, writer
- Bernardo Tanucci (1698–1783), jurist, politician, minister
- Luigi Vanvitelli, (1700–1773), architect
- Eleonora Fonseca Pimentel (1751–1799), poet, journalist, revolutionary
- Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (1751–1825), king
- Gaetano Filangieri (1752–1788), jurist
- Raffaele Sacco (1787–1872), poet, inventor, lyricist
- Salvadore Cammarano (1801–1852), librettist, poet, playwright
- Domenico Morelli (1823–1901), painter
- Lord Acton (1834–1902), historian
- Giovanni Bovio (1837–1903), philosopher, politician
- Peppino Turco (1846–1907), songwriter, journalist
- Lamont Young (1851–1929), architect
- Vincenzo Gemito (1852–1929), sculptor
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- Matilde Serao (1856–1927), writer, journalist
- Ruggiero Leoncavallo (1857–1919), composer
- Salvatore Di Giacomo (1860–1934), poet
- Eduardo di Capua (1865–1917), composer
- Ferdinando Russo (1866–1927), poet, journalist, writer
- Benedetto Croce, (1866–1952), writer, politician, senator, philosoper
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1869–1947), king
- Enrico Caruso (1873–1921), opera singer
- Enrico Cannio (1874–1949), composer
- Ernesto De Curtis (1875–1937), composer
- Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959), president, jurist, journalist
- Libero Bovio (1883–1942), poet, songwriter
- Cesare Andrea Bixio (1896–1978), composer
- Antonio "Totò" De Curtis (1898–1967), actor
- Eduardo De Filippo (1900–1984), actor, writer
- Renato Caccioppoli (1904–1959), mathematician
- Giovanni Leone (1908–2001), politician, 6th President of Italian Republic
- Renato Carosone (1920–2001), singer-songwriter, musician
- Roberto Tucci (1921–), Roman Catholic Cardinal, theologian
- Giorgio Napolitano (1925–), politician, president
- Fausto Sarli (1927–2010), fashion designer
- Franzo Grande Stevens (1928–), lawyer
- Bud Spencer (1929–), swimmer, water polo player, actor
- Luciano De Crescenzo (1928–), engineer, writer, actor, film director, philosopher
- Sophia Loren (1934–), actress
- Mario Merola (1934–2005), singer
- Mario Trevi (1941–), singer
- Riccardo Muti (1941–), conductor
- Edoardo Bennato (1946–), architect, singer, songwriter
- Tullio De Piscopo (1946–), singer, songwriter
- Michele Campanella (1947–), pianist, conductor
- Tony Esposito, (1950–), musician, songwriter
- Gabriele Salvatores, (1950–), Academy Award-winning film director
- Alan Sorrenti (1950–), singer, songwriter
- Massimo Ranieri (1951–), singer, songwriter, actor
- Francesco Clemente (1952–), artist
- Massimo Troisi (1953–1994), actor
- Marco Abbondanza (1953–), medical doctor, eye surgeon
- Lina Sastri (1955–), actress
- Pino Daniele (1955–), singer-songwriter, musician
- Teresa De Sio (1955–), musician, singer, songwriter
- Nino D'Angelo (1957–), singer, actor
- Mario Martone (1959–), film director
- Paolo Sorrentino (1970–), screenwriter, film director
- Fabio Cannavaro (1973–), World Cup-winning footballer
- Giuliana Rancic (1974–), journalist, television personality
- Antonio Di Natale (1977–), footballer
- Massimiliano Rosolino (1978–), Olympic swimmer
- Roberto Saviano (1979–), journalist, writer
- Ambra Vallo, ballet dancer
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