Modulation - Pulse Modulation Methods

Pulse Modulation Methods

Pulse modulation schemes aim at transferring a narrowband analog signal over an analog baseband channel as a two-level signal by modulating a pulse wave. Some pulse modulation schemes also allow the narrowband analog signal to be transferred as a digital signal (i.e. as a quantized discrete-time signal) with a fixed bit rate, which can be transferred over an underlying digital transmission system, for example some line code. These are not modulation schemes in the conventional sense since they are not channel coding schemes, but should be considered as source coding schemes, and in some cases analog-to-digital conversion techniques.

Analog-over-analog methods:

  • Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)
  • Pulse-width modulation (PWM)
  • Pulse-position modulation (PPM)

Analog-over-digital methods:

  • Pulse-code modulation (PCM)
    • Differential PCM (DPCM)
    • Adaptive DPCM (ADPCM)
  • Delta modulation (DM or Δ-modulation)
  • Delta-sigma modulation (∑Δ)
  • Continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSDM), also called Adaptive-delta modulation (ADM)
  • Pulse-density modulation (PDM)

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