Hub and Die Errors
In order to produce coins, a mint needs something to strike it with. They take a steel rod and imprint the coin's design in it with a hub bearing a relief image of the design.
Hub and die errors are collectively known as varieties. If damage or some form of alteration is made to a hub or die, it is classified a variety. Modern coins are still released with hub and die errors, mainly because the defects are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye. A few exceptions exist, where the dies are used despite producing easily visible flaws. The 1955 Lincoln cent is an example.
Read more about this topic: Mint-made Errors
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