Nutrition and Health
See also: Fat content of milkThe composition of milk differs widely among species. Factors such as the type of protein; the proportion of protein, fat, and sugar; the levels of various vitamins and minerals; and the size of the butterfat globules, and the strength of the curd are among those than may vary. For example:
- Human milk contains, on average, 1.1% protein, 4.2% fat, 7.0% lactose (a sugar), and supplies 72 kcal of energy per 100 grams.
- Cow milk contains, on average, 3.4% protein, 3.6% fat, and 4.6% lactose, 0.7% minerals and supplies 66 kcal of energy per 100 grams. See also Nutritional value further on.
Donkey and horse milk have the lowest fat content, while the milk of seals and whales may contain more than 50% fat.
| Constituents | Unit | Cow | Goat | Sheep | Water buffalo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | g | 87.8 | 88.9 | 83.0 | 81.1 |
| Protein | g | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 4.5 |
| Fat | g | 3.9 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
| Carbohydrate | g | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Energy | kcal | 66 | 60 | 95 | 110 |
| Energy | kJ | 275 | 253 | 396 | 463 |
| Sugars (lactose) | g | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Cholesterol | mg | 14 | 10 | 11 | 8 |
| Calcium | mg | 120 | 100 | 170 | 195 |
| Saturated fatty acids | g | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | g | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | g | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Read more about this topic: Milk
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