Observing Domains
There are a number of microscopy methods which can make the magnetization at a surface of a magnetic material visible, revealing the magnetic domains. Each method has a different application because not all domains are the same. In magnetic materials, domains can be circular, square, irregular, elongated, and striped, all of which have varied sizes and dimensions. Large domains, within the range of 25-100 micrometers can be easily seen by Kerr microscopy, which uses the magneto-optic Kerr effect, which is the rotation of the polarization of light reflected from a magnetized surface. Smaller domains, down to the scale of a few nanometers, can be viewed by the use of magnetic force microscopy.
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