Examples
In propositional calculus a literal is simply a propositional variable or its negation.
In predicate calculus a literal is an atomic formula or its negation, where an atomic formula is a predicate symbol applied to some terms, with the terms recursively defined starting from constant symbols, variable symbols, and function symbols. For example, is a negative literal with the constant symbol 2, the variable symbols x, y, the function symbols f, g, and the predicate symbol Q.
Read more about this topic: Literal (mathematical Logic)
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